HESI A2 Anatomy

HESI A2 Anatomy parietal covers an area around an organ pleura lungs peritoneum surrounds cavity around abdimonal cavity -parietal & visceral peritoneums lymphatic IMMUNE SYSTEM fights infections rough ER ribosomes located here cytoplasm ribosomes here centrosome helps with cell divison hypertonic, isotonic, hyoptonic hypotonic- cells are filled with ions (K+, Na ions), water outside the cells "hypotonic" cell wants to burst open hypertonic- the cell is lacking ions/solutes, water outside the cell is hypertonic, cell is shriveled/deprived osmosis- water likes to diffuse to area of high concenetration, where the solutes are differentiation cells become specialized to do something cytokinesis cytoplasmic divison mitosis nuclear division prophase metaphase anaphase telophase cytokinsis fibroblasts produce fibers and collagen skeletal muscles are controlled by the somatic nervous system smooth muscles are controlled by the autonomic nervous system neurotransmitter that stimualtes muscles to contract acetylcholine how many pairs of cranial nerves are there 12 how many pairs of spinal nerves are ther 31 ANTERIOR pituitary hormones-- adenohypophysis acryonm to remember: FLAT PIG FSH, LH, ACH, TSH, PRL, GH POSTERIOR pituitary hormones (neurohypophysis) oxytocin and ADH calcitonin regulates blood calcium level parathyroid hormone takes calcium from the bones to make it available for the blood adrenal gland Epinephrine & Norepinephrine - Aldosterone - a mineralcorticoid, helps kidneys conserve sodium and excrete potassium, maintaining blood pressure Cortisol - keeps blood glucose levels stable, stress hormone Adrenal Sex Hormones - androgens (male) and estrogens (female) pancreas very large gland behind your stomach... stimulates liver to break down glycogen What cell structure is missing from blood cells? nucleus