BTEC APPLIED SCIENCE: UNIT 11 - Learning Aim B

Unit 11: Genetics and Genetic Engineering Learning aim B: Explore how the process
of cell division in eukaryotic cells contributes to genetic variation.


Index
 Introduction,
 Key Words,
 Stages of mitosis and meiosis drawings,
 Structure and Function of Chromosomes in each stage,
 Structure and function of human chromosomes
 References.



Introduction.

This report will show how to prepare microscopic slides to observe and draw the stages of mitosis and
meiosis, explain the structure of chromosomes and in each stage of both meiosis and mitosis,
Discuss the behaviour of the chromosomes during the cell cycle stages of mitosis and meiosis and
finally evaluate how the behaviour of the chromosomes leads to variation.

Key Words.

 Centromere = Holds together two chromatids it is the point of attachment of the kinetochore,

 Chromatids = One of two identical half’s of a replicated chromosome,

 Autosomes = 22 pairs of autosomes non sex chromosomes,

 Sex Chromosomes = 23 that are the X and Y Females carry XX and Males XY,

 Chromosome number = Precise number of chromosomes,

 Karyotyping = Individuals collection of chromosomes. Tell abnormalities,

 Homologous = Two of the same chromosome. 2 chromosomes number 1 and 2

chromosomes number 2 = homologous pair apart from the sex chromosomes,

 Non Homologous = Not the same

 Non-Overlapping = Chromosomes don’t overlap.




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