NURS 623 Exam2_CaryReview+Questions.
Know what effects exercise and diet have on the body, on blood glucose, blood
pressure, cholesterol
A patient with type 2 diabetes asks the clinician why she needs to
exercise. In order to answer her, the clinician must understand that
exercise has what effect on the patient with type 2 diabetes?
a. Reduces postprandial blood
glucose
b. Reduces triglycerides and
increases high-density lipoprotein
(HDL)
c. Reduces total cholesterol
d. All of the above
Know the frequency in which you would perform a foot exam on a DM patient
How often should the clinician examine the feet of a person with
diabetes?
a. Once a year
b. Every 6 months
c. Every 3 months
d. Every visit
Know the diferenece in addsions, cushings and graves disease and s/s pts will exhibit,
and Understand the patho related to the disease process
Addisons:
-Need to ADD cortisol
o Inadequate amount of hormones produced by the adrenal glands
o Cortisol and sometimes aldosterone for this disease
o GI
Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, weight loss d/t loss of appetite
o Derm
Paleness or darkening of skin in places that causes the skin to have a patchy
appearance
o Other
Muscle weakness, fatigue, slow or sluggish movement, hypoglycemia, low blood
pressure, fainting, and salt craving
Cushings:
-Have a CUSHION of cortisol
, NURS 623 Exam2_CaryReview+Questions.
Cushing’s Disease
o ACTH-Dependent:
o Related to excess ACTH caused by pituitary adenoma causes adrenal cortex to over
secrete cortisol
Cushing’s Syndrome
o ACTH-Independent
o Prolonged use of exogenous glucocorticoid hormones
Most common cause: HD steroid > 2 weeks
o Tumors/dysplagia of the adrenal cortex
S/S:
o Progressive weight gain and fatty tissue deposit
Midsection/Upper back
Face (moon face)
Between shoulders (buffalo hump)
o Pink or purple stretch marks (Striae)
Abdomen
Thighs
Breasts
Arms
o Thinning, fragile skin that bruises easily
o Slow healing of cuts, Insect bites, acne, and infections
o Fatigue, muscle weakness or myopathy
o Depression/anxiety and irritability
o HTN
o Glucose intolerance that can lead to DM, HA, and bone loss
o Women reports more thick and visible facial hair (hirsutism) and period issues
Graves:
Excess secretion and synthesis of one or both:
o Thyroxine (T4)
o Triiodothyronine (T3)
Associated with autoimmune disease
o Pernicious anemia, MG, Type 1 DM
Presentation
o Diffuse thyroid enlargement, exophthalmos, nervousness, tachycardia, and heat
intolerance
o Thyroid scan reveals a large “hot” gland with heterogeneous uptake
Know the s/s of DM type one
The clinical presentation of type 1 DM includes all of the following except:
• Weight gain
• Ketosis
• Polydipsia
• Polyuria
Know what effects exercise and diet have on the body, on blood glucose, blood
pressure, cholesterol
A patient with type 2 diabetes asks the clinician why she needs to
exercise. In order to answer her, the clinician must understand that
exercise has what effect on the patient with type 2 diabetes?
a. Reduces postprandial blood
glucose
b. Reduces triglycerides and
increases high-density lipoprotein
(HDL)
c. Reduces total cholesterol
d. All of the above
Know the frequency in which you would perform a foot exam on a DM patient
How often should the clinician examine the feet of a person with
diabetes?
a. Once a year
b. Every 6 months
c. Every 3 months
d. Every visit
Know the diferenece in addsions, cushings and graves disease and s/s pts will exhibit,
and Understand the patho related to the disease process
Addisons:
-Need to ADD cortisol
o Inadequate amount of hormones produced by the adrenal glands
o Cortisol and sometimes aldosterone for this disease
o GI
Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, weight loss d/t loss of appetite
o Derm
Paleness or darkening of skin in places that causes the skin to have a patchy
appearance
o Other
Muscle weakness, fatigue, slow or sluggish movement, hypoglycemia, low blood
pressure, fainting, and salt craving
Cushings:
-Have a CUSHION of cortisol
, NURS 623 Exam2_CaryReview+Questions.
Cushing’s Disease
o ACTH-Dependent:
o Related to excess ACTH caused by pituitary adenoma causes adrenal cortex to over
secrete cortisol
Cushing’s Syndrome
o ACTH-Independent
o Prolonged use of exogenous glucocorticoid hormones
Most common cause: HD steroid > 2 weeks
o Tumors/dysplagia of the adrenal cortex
S/S:
o Progressive weight gain and fatty tissue deposit
Midsection/Upper back
Face (moon face)
Between shoulders (buffalo hump)
o Pink or purple stretch marks (Striae)
Abdomen
Thighs
Breasts
Arms
o Thinning, fragile skin that bruises easily
o Slow healing of cuts, Insect bites, acne, and infections
o Fatigue, muscle weakness or myopathy
o Depression/anxiety and irritability
o HTN
o Glucose intolerance that can lead to DM, HA, and bone loss
o Women reports more thick and visible facial hair (hirsutism) and period issues
Graves:
Excess secretion and synthesis of one or both:
o Thyroxine (T4)
o Triiodothyronine (T3)
Associated with autoimmune disease
o Pernicious anemia, MG, Type 1 DM
Presentation
o Diffuse thyroid enlargement, exophthalmos, nervousness, tachycardia, and heat
intolerance
o Thyroid scan reveals a large “hot” gland with heterogeneous uptake
Know the s/s of DM type one
The clinical presentation of type 1 DM includes all of the following except:
• Weight gain
• Ketosis
• Polydipsia
• Polyuria
