Foundations of Nursing Research 7th Edition Nieswiadomy Test Bank All Chapters

Foundations of Nursing Research 7th Edition Nieswiadomy Chapter 4. Ethical Issues In Nursing Research MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. A nurse is educating an adult patient on patient rights, according to the American Hospital Association. The teaching has been effective when the adult states that the patient’s rights include: a. “choice of diet to be eaten during hospitalization.” b. “considerate and respectful care from all care providers.” c. “medical care regardless of ability to pay.” d. “information from nurses about diagnosis and prognosis.” ANS: B When you are a patient in the hospital, you have the right to receive considerate and respectful care. The American Hospital Association published a Patient’s Bill of Rights, which is now revised and called The Patient Care Partnership. This document reflects acknowledgment of patients’ rights to participate in their health care and was developed as a response to consumer criticism of paternalistic provider care. The statements detail the patient’s rights with corresponding provider responsibilities. This document reflects the increasing emphasis on patient autonomy in health care and defines the limits of provider influence and control. It does not contain information on diets, nursing diagnosis, or the ability to pay for medical care. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Evaluation REF: pp. 421-423 OBJ: Discuss the moral implications of the ANA and ICN codes of ethics. TOP:Patient rights MSC: NCLEX®: Safe and effective care environment—management of care 2. A nurse manager is teaching the purpose of the nurse’s Code of Ethics to a group of high school students. Which statement by one of the students indicates that the teaching has been effective? The purpose of the nurse’s Code of Ethics is a. “to assist in clarifying the individual nurse’s personal values and goals.” b. “to differentiate between moral and immoral acts.” c. “to guide the behavior of the professional nurse.” d. “to identify acts that are legal for the nurse to perform.” ANS: C The American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics (2001) is a statement to society that outlines the values, concerns, and goals of the profession. It should be compatible with the values and goals of each nurse. It does not outline moral or immoral acts or make statements regarding legal aspects of nursing. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Evaluation REF: p. 428 OBJ: Discuss the moral implications of the ANA and ICN codes of ethics. TOP: Ethics MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable 3. Which statement best describes the Code of Ethics of the American Nurses Association? a. A moral statement of accountability for practicing nurses and for student nurses b. A legal document describing the responsibilities of the nurse c. A statement regarding nursing care that outlines principles for the hospital to use to evaluate quality of care d. A document that is used as a guide for the nurse to consider in the decision-making process in legal situations ANS: B The Code of Ethics is a moral statement of accountability for practicing nurses and for student nurses. It is a statement to society that outlines the values, concerns, and goals of the profession, thereby addressing accountability. The code provides direction for ethical decisions and behavior by repeatedly emphasizing the obligations and responsibilities that the nurse– patient relationship entails. It lacks legal enforceability and is not a legal document like licensure laws PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 428 OBJ: Discuss the moral implications of the ANA and ICN codes of ethics. TOP: Ethics MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable 4. Which ethical principle is applied when the nurse acts to safeguard the patient and the public by reporting poor nursing practice? a. Autonomy c. Justice b. Fidelity d. Veracity ANS: D Veracity—the duty to tell the truth—is represented in this situation. Autonomy is the right of the patient to make an informed decision. Fidelity means to act in a way that is loyal, such as keeping information private and confidential. Justice requires the nurse to treat all patients fairly without regard to age, socioeconomic status, or other variables. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 423 OBJ: Discuss the role of the nurse in ethical health care issues. TOP: Ethics MSC: NCLEX®: Safe and effective care environment—management of care 5. What ethical principle is implemented, or supported, when the nurse encourages a patient to be involved in planning and implementing self-care? a. Autonomyc. Justice b. Fidelity d. Veracity ANS: A A patient’s right to self-determination implies the freedom to make choices and decisions about one’s own care without interference even if those decisions are not in agreement with those of the health care team. Justice is the duty to treat all patients fairly without regard to age, socioeconomic status, or other variables. This principle involves the allocation of scarce and expensive health care resources. Fidelity involves keeping information confidential and maintaining privacy and trust. Veracity is the duty to tell the truth. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 421 OBJ: Discuss the role of the nurse in ethical health care issues. TOP: Ethics MSC: NCLEX®: Safe and effective care environment—management of care 6. The ethical principle of autonomy is not applicable in which patient situation? a. The patient does not speak or understand the English language. b. The patient is unaware of who or where he or she is. c. The patient has been in a long-term care facility for 10 years. d. The patient has values that conflict with the caregiver’s values. ANS: B This principle assumes rational thinking on the part of the individual, and being unaware of who and where the patient is, is not indicative of the ethical principle of autonomy. Autonomy is a patient’s right to self-determination implies the freedom to make choices and decisions about one’s own care without interference even if those decisions are not in agreement with those of the health care team. In the other situations, the patient has rational thinking even though he or she may not understand or speak English because an interpreter could assist. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 421 OBJ: Discuss the role of the nurse in ethical health care issues. TOP: Ethics MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable 7. A nurse is educating a nurse aide on patient confidentiality. The nurse believes the teaching to be effective when the nurse aide states that confidentiality will be maintained by a nurse who believes in and values the ethical principle of a. veracity. c. justice. b. autonomy. d. fidelity. ANS: D Fidelity involves keeping information confidential and maintaining privacy and trust. Veracity means to tell the truth. Autonomy involves the patient making an informed decision and implies the freedom to make choices and decisions about one’s own care without interference even if those decisions are not in agreement with those of the health care team. Justice is the duty to treat all patients fairly without regard to age, socioeconomic status, or other variables. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Evaluation REF: p. 422 OBJ: Discuss the role of the nurse in ethical health care issues. TOP: Ethics MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable 8. A patient who has a terminal illness wants to be able to take a prescription medication to end life when suffering becomes unbearable. The patient asks the nurse for advice. Operating from a deontological point of reference, what action does the nurse take? a. Advises the patient about local providers willing to participate b. Assesses the patient for more information about the situation c. Determines what kind of insurance the patient has before acting d. Tells the patient that they cannot participate in this action ANS: D Deontology is rule-bound and inflexible, obtaining moral authority from absolutes revealed by God. To preserve the sanctity of life, the nurse cannot participate in this situation. Advising the patient of providers to see is working from a teleological viewpoint because the end (patient death) might be seen as outweighing the means (helping the patient find a provider to provide a lethal prescription of drugs). Assessing the situation to see how the patient is affected (versus how some other patient would be affected) is situational. Determining financial status is not related to a specific philosophical outlook but might violate the principle of justice. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 424 OBJ:Discuss the role of the nurse in ethical health care issues. TOP:Communication and Documentation MSC: NCLEX®: Safe and effective care environment—management of care 9. The nurse is very busy caring for a large case load. An adult patient mentions that by having slow mobility, “people just do things for me rather than allowing me to do as much as possible on my own.” To solve the dilemma of needing to conserve time versus supporting the patient’s involvement in self- care, what principle may help the nurse? a. Veracity c. Justice b. Fidelity d. Autonomy ANS: D Autonomy implies the freedom to have choices and make decisions about one’s own care without interference. Just because this patient is slow does not mean he or she cannot make choices and participate in self-care. Justice is the duty to treat all patients fairly without regard to age, socioeconomic status, or other variables. This principle involves the allocation of scarce and expensive health care resources. Veracity is the duty to tell the truth. Fidelity involves keeping information confidential and maintaining privacy and trust. PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 421 OBJ: Discuss the role of the nurse in ethical health care issues. TOP: Ethics MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable 10. What element in health care is most responsible for the ethical dilemma of whether health care is a privilege or a right? a. Cost c. Consumerism b. Technology d. Worker shortage ANS: A Variables of the justice principle involve the allocation of scarce or expensive health care resources. The following questions are a few examples illustrating this principle: What kind of access to health care should illegal immigrants receive— preventive care or only more costly emergency care? How should the health care of children be allocated? Should all children receive the same health care regardless of ability to pay? PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 442 OBJ: Discuss the role of the nurse in ethical health care issues. TOP: Ethics MSC: NCLEX®: Not applicable