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Summary Chapter 5 summarty (lecture notes + information from the book)(Molecular Biology of the Cell)

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Summary of chapter 5 from Alberts. Summary consists of lecture notes and information from the book including pictures.

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H5
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March 6, 2022
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HC5

E. coli (bacteria) ~4x106 nucleotide pairs
Homo sapiens ~3x109 nucleotide pairs

Mutation rate = 1 nucleotide substitution per 1010 per cell generation
Humans = 100 germ line cell divisions from conception to next germ cell
~70 new mutations in each offspring

Mutation rate limits genome size and the number of essential genes!




errors causing the mutations:
- “normal” polymerization
- proofreading (3’ - 5’)
- mismatch repair

DNA-polymerase:
- katalyseert de reactie van het aanbouwen van nucleotiden
- controleert ook de base-paring -> als fout, zorgt DNA-polymerase dat de nucleotide
wordt ontkoppeld

Two modes (and two catalytic sites) of DNA-polymerase:
- polymerisation
- editing

-> de energetisch gunstige bindingen tussen nucleotiden en de editing functie van DNA-
polymerase zorgen voor hoge precisie bij polymerisatie

primase: zorgt voor initiatie van polymeriseren
- is een RNA polymerase en maakt een RNA primer
- een RNA primer zodat herkent kan worden dat het gaat om RNA en dus nog een
vervangende DNA streng moet krijgen

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