NURSING 101Chapter 39: Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

The functional kidney is associated with which embryonic organ? a. Metanephros c. Pronephros b. Mesonephros d. Endonephros ANS: A The functional kidney is associated with the metanephros. The kidney develops from three sets of structures: the pronephros (nonfunctional by the end of the embryonic period), mesonephros (nonfunctional), and metanephros (the functional kidney). Endonephros is not relevant to this process. PTS: 1 REF: Pages | Figure 39-1 2. When does urine formation and excretion begin? a. At birth c. By 6 monthsÕ gestation b. By 3 monthsÕ gestation d. By 8 monthsÕ gestation ANS: B Urine formation and excretion begin by the third month of gestation. PTS: 1 REF: Page 1377 3. Compared with an adult, an infant has a greater content of extracellular fluid, as well as a greater rate of fluid exchange. What effect does this have on the fluid balance of a child compared with that of an adult? a. Edema development is less of a problem. b. Overhydration is not difficult to manage. c. Daily fluid requirements are greater. d. The control of dehydration is more difficult. ANS: D An infant not only has a greater c