NURS 5366 MODULE 1 QUIZ

NURS 5366 MODULE 1 QUIZ • Question 1 Hospital nurses are observed in order to determine exactly how long nurses swab IV ports with alcohol. Because they are being observed, they “scrub the hub” longer than they ordinarily would have. This is an example of what threat to validity of the the study design relevant to quantitative research? Answers a. Control b. Bias c. Hawthorne effect d. Inaccurate operationalization of variables Response Feedback: Subjects’ knowledge of a study could influence their behavior and possibly alter the research outcomes. This threatens the validity or accuracy of the study design. An example of this type of threat to design validity is the Hawthorne effect, which was identified during the classic experiment at the Hawthorne plant of the Western Electric Company during the 1920s and 1930s. The employees at this plant exhibited a particular psychological response when they became research participants: they changed their behavior simply because they were subjects in a study, not because of the research treatment. • Question 2 Sources of research topics often come from research priorities developed by professional organizations and funding agencies. Which of the following is an example of a research priority in healthcare? Answers a. Promotion of literacy in preschoolers b. Effective and appropriate use of technology to achieve optimal patient assessment, management and/or outcomes c. Vaccination of all children regardless of parents’ religious beliefs • Question 3 What is the first step in the critical appraisal of a study? Answers a. Identifying the research design b. Identification of the steps of the research process c. Determine the strengths and weaknesses d. Discussing the implications for nursing practice • Question 4 Why is operational reasoning necessary for research? Answers a. Standard interventions are obtained from operational reasoning. b. Abstract concepts are of no use to nursing. c. It facilitates the researcher’s rapport with families d. It allows the researcher to measure the concepts studied. Response Feedback: Operational reasoning involves the identification of and discrimination among many alternatives and viewpoints. It focuses on the process (debating alternatives) rather than on the resolution. Nurses use operational reasoning to develop realistic, measurable health goals. Thus, operational reasoning takes abstract concepts and makes them focused, concrete, and, therefore, researchable. • Question 5 A research study contains the following in its Introduction section: “This study was undertaken to explore the effect of massage on total hours of sleep per 24-hour day, in persons averaging fewer than 7 hours of sleep per night, attributable to insomnia. . . . Presumably by increasing endorphin levels, massage seems to provide an immediate relaxation and an ability to sleep immediately following the session, but it is unclear whether these benefits actually extend to total sleep, despite anecdotal support. The claim that massage increases total hours of sleep has been inadequately researched. . . . Does massage increase the total number of hours of daily sleep? It was posited that provision of daily late-morning massage would affect total hours of sleep per 24-hour day. The study’s causational explanation was based on the physiologic matrix of McCarthy, which includes effects of endorphins on sleep, learning ability, pain, digestive function, and cardiac output It was taken as established fact that massage is pleasant, that research subjects getting fewer than 7 hours of sleep per night were sleepdeprived, and that endorphins mediated the changes observed.” What is the research problem? Answers a. Presumably by increasing endorphin levels, massage seems to provide an immediate relaxation and an ability to sleep immediately following the session, but it is unclear whether these benefits actually extend to total sleep, despite anecdotal support. b. It was taken as established fact that massage is pleasant, that research subjects getting fewer than 7 hours of sleep per night were sleep-deprived, and that endorphins mediated the changes observed. c. It was posited that provision of daily late-morning massage would affect total hours of sleep per 24-hour day. d. This study was undertaken to explore the effect of massage on total hours of sleep per 24-hour day, in persons averaging