RESPIRATORY SYSTEM - mucus-coated surfaces- traps & prevent
inhaled particles.
The cardiovascular & respiratory systems
Palate– partition (nasal cavity /oral cavity)
share responsibility for supplying the body
• Hard Palate- bone; supports
with oxygen and disposing of carbon dioxide. palate anteriorly
The respiratory system organs oversee the • Soft Palate- unsupported
gas exchanges that occur between the blood posterior part
and the external environment. Paranasal Sinuses
Made up of the conducting passageways • surrounds the nasal cavity
(conducting zone) (purify, humidify, and a) frontal
warm incoming air to the lungs) and the b) sphenoidal
lungs. (respiratory zone) c) ethmoid
d) maxillary bones
Organs of the Respiratory System • lighten the skull
• speech (resonance chambers)
• produce mucus
Nasolacrimal Duct
• drains tears from eyes; empty into the
nasal cavities.
2. Pharynx (throat)
- musculomembranous tube
- acts as a passage between nose & larynx
1. Nose for air
-only externally visible part - between mouth & esophagus for food
Nasal Septum
-divides nasal cavity midline Consist 3 parts (Pharynx):
Nostrils, or Nares a. Nasopharynx
-passageway of air that enters the nose
- Passage for air
during breathing.
- Adenoid (pharyngeal tonsil) -lymphoid
Nasal Cavity
tissue
-interior of the nose.
- Eustachian tube (Pharyngotympanic)-
extends from middle ear - equalize
atmospheric pressure
b. Oropharynx
- Passage for air & food; behind the mouth
- Palatine tonsils (2) - lateral wall of
oropharynx (end of soft palate)
* Olfactory receptors - Lingual tonsils (2) - base of tongue
- For the sense of smell c. Laryngopharynx
Respiratory Mucosa - Opens anteriorly into larynx &
- Lines the nasal cavity posteriorly into esophagus
Thin walled veins
- Warms air 3. Larynx (voice box)
Sticky mucus passage between pharynx & trachea
-
- moistens the air & traps bacteria.
- eight rigid hyaline cartilages &
Cilia
- a spoon-shaped flap of elastic
ciliated cells - moves contaminated mucus
cartilage(epiglottis)
posteriorly toward the throat
- Contains vocal cords to produce sound
ciliary action - extreme cold; sluggish
, 5. Main Bronchi
- right & left main (primary) bronchi -
division of the trachea
- medical depression (hilum)
*Right Main Bronchus
- wider, shorter, & straighter than the left.
- site for lodged foreign object
* Air (when reaches the bronchi)
- warm, clean& humidified
- smaller subdivisions of main bronchi -
Glottis
direct routes to air sacs.
- slit like passageway
between vocal folds.
6. Lungs
- occupies entire thoracic cavity
Epiglottis
- Mediastinum
- “guardian of the
- Apex – narrow superior portion; deep to
airways”
the clavicle
- Base- broad area resting on the
Thyroid Cartilage
diaphragm
- largest hyaline cartilages (shield-shape)
- divided into lobes by fissures
- Adam’s apple.
o left lung - 2 lobes
*Cough Reflex o right - 3 lobes
- expel substance & prevent it from
continuing into the lungs.
- Conscious reflex (a person cannot cough
when asleep)
4. Trachea (windpipe)
- 10-12 cm (4 inches)
- 5th thoracic vertebrae, approx. midchest.
- C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
Double purpose:
o The open parts of the rings about the
esophagus and allow it to expand
anteriorly when we swallow a large piece Pulmonary, or visceral pleura
of food. o Covers lung surface.
o The solid portions support the trachea Parietal Pleura
walls & keep it patent, or open, in spite o Lines the walls of thoracic cavity.
of the pressure changes that occur Pleural Membranes
during breathing. o Produce pleural fluid (lungs glide
- Trachealis muscle - abuts the esophagus over thorax wall during breathing)
- Ciliary movement - opposite the incoming Bronchial, or Respiratory Tree
air. (Trachea is lined with a ciliated - branching & rebranching of
mucosa) respiratory passageways
Bronchioles
*Smoking inhibits ciliary activity and destroys - smallest of the conducting
the cilia. Without these cilia, coughing is the passageways
only means of preventing mucus from Terminal Bronchioles
inhaled particles.
The cardiovascular & respiratory systems
Palate– partition (nasal cavity /oral cavity)
share responsibility for supplying the body
• Hard Palate- bone; supports
with oxygen and disposing of carbon dioxide. palate anteriorly
The respiratory system organs oversee the • Soft Palate- unsupported
gas exchanges that occur between the blood posterior part
and the external environment. Paranasal Sinuses
Made up of the conducting passageways • surrounds the nasal cavity
(conducting zone) (purify, humidify, and a) frontal
warm incoming air to the lungs) and the b) sphenoidal
lungs. (respiratory zone) c) ethmoid
d) maxillary bones
Organs of the Respiratory System • lighten the skull
• speech (resonance chambers)
• produce mucus
Nasolacrimal Duct
• drains tears from eyes; empty into the
nasal cavities.
2. Pharynx (throat)
- musculomembranous tube
- acts as a passage between nose & larynx
1. Nose for air
-only externally visible part - between mouth & esophagus for food
Nasal Septum
-divides nasal cavity midline Consist 3 parts (Pharynx):
Nostrils, or Nares a. Nasopharynx
-passageway of air that enters the nose
- Passage for air
during breathing.
- Adenoid (pharyngeal tonsil) -lymphoid
Nasal Cavity
tissue
-interior of the nose.
- Eustachian tube (Pharyngotympanic)-
extends from middle ear - equalize
atmospheric pressure
b. Oropharynx
- Passage for air & food; behind the mouth
- Palatine tonsils (2) - lateral wall of
oropharynx (end of soft palate)
* Olfactory receptors - Lingual tonsils (2) - base of tongue
- For the sense of smell c. Laryngopharynx
Respiratory Mucosa - Opens anteriorly into larynx &
- Lines the nasal cavity posteriorly into esophagus
Thin walled veins
- Warms air 3. Larynx (voice box)
Sticky mucus passage between pharynx & trachea
-
- moistens the air & traps bacteria.
- eight rigid hyaline cartilages &
Cilia
- a spoon-shaped flap of elastic
ciliated cells - moves contaminated mucus
cartilage(epiglottis)
posteriorly toward the throat
- Contains vocal cords to produce sound
ciliary action - extreme cold; sluggish
, 5. Main Bronchi
- right & left main (primary) bronchi -
division of the trachea
- medical depression (hilum)
*Right Main Bronchus
- wider, shorter, & straighter than the left.
- site for lodged foreign object
* Air (when reaches the bronchi)
- warm, clean& humidified
- smaller subdivisions of main bronchi -
Glottis
direct routes to air sacs.
- slit like passageway
between vocal folds.
6. Lungs
- occupies entire thoracic cavity
Epiglottis
- Mediastinum
- “guardian of the
- Apex – narrow superior portion; deep to
airways”
the clavicle
- Base- broad area resting on the
Thyroid Cartilage
diaphragm
- largest hyaline cartilages (shield-shape)
- divided into lobes by fissures
- Adam’s apple.
o left lung - 2 lobes
*Cough Reflex o right - 3 lobes
- expel substance & prevent it from
continuing into the lungs.
- Conscious reflex (a person cannot cough
when asleep)
4. Trachea (windpipe)
- 10-12 cm (4 inches)
- 5th thoracic vertebrae, approx. midchest.
- C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
Double purpose:
o The open parts of the rings about the
esophagus and allow it to expand
anteriorly when we swallow a large piece Pulmonary, or visceral pleura
of food. o Covers lung surface.
o The solid portions support the trachea Parietal Pleura
walls & keep it patent, or open, in spite o Lines the walls of thoracic cavity.
of the pressure changes that occur Pleural Membranes
during breathing. o Produce pleural fluid (lungs glide
- Trachealis muscle - abuts the esophagus over thorax wall during breathing)
- Ciliary movement - opposite the incoming Bronchial, or Respiratory Tree
air. (Trachea is lined with a ciliated - branching & rebranching of
mucosa) respiratory passageways
Bronchioles
*Smoking inhibits ciliary activity and destroys - smallest of the conducting
the cilia. Without these cilia, coughing is the passageways
only means of preventing mucus from Terminal Bronchioles
