Chapter 1—Basic Concepts of Chemistry
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A hypothesis is a
a. mathematical formula that models a pattern of behavior.
b. concise statement of a behavior that is always the same under the same conditions.
c. set of experiments designed to test a theory.
d. well-tested, unifying principle that explains a body of facts.
e. tentative explanation or prediction based upon experimental observations.
ANS: E
2. A theory is a
a. concise statement of a behavior that is always the same under the same conditions.
b. tentative explanation or prediction based upon experimental observations.
c. mathematical formula that models a pattern of behavior.
d. well-tested, unifying principle that explains a body of facts.
e. set of quantitative numerical data.
ANS: D
3. All of the following statements concerning green chemistry are correct EXCEPT
a. it is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it is formed.
b. synthetic methods should be designed to use and generate substances that possess little or
no toxicity to human health or the environment.
c. substances used in a chemical process should be chosen to minimize the potential for
chemical accidents.
d. raw materials should be renewable whenever technically and economically practical.
e. chemical syntheses should be done at high enough temperatures to ensure harmful bacteria
are destroyed.
ANS: E
4. Which of the following statements concerning the kinetic-molecular theory of matter is/are
CORRECT?
1. Particles in a liquid vibrate back and forth about an average position.
2. Particles in a solid are packed closely together, but are not confined to specific
positions.
3. Particles in a gas fly about randomly, colliding with themselves and the walls of their
container.
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1 and 2
e. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: C
,5. Which of the following statements concerning the kinetic-molecular theory of matter is/are
CORRECT?
1. Particles in a gas move faster as the temperature increases.
2. Particles in a liquid are packed closely together, but are not confined to specific
positions.
3. Particles in a gas vibrate back and forth about an average position.
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1 and 2
e. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: D
6. Which one of the following statements is correct?
a. A pure substance may be separated by filtration or distillation into two or more
components.
b. A heterogeneous mixture is also known as a solution.
c. A heterogeneous mixture is composed of two or more substances in the same phase.
d. The composition is uniform throughout a homogeneous mixture.
e. The combination of a liquid and a solid always results in a heterogeneous mixture.
ANS: D
7. Which of the following are likely to form a homogeneous mixture?
1. milk and ice cream blended together with chocolate syrup
2. an egg combined with milk and mixed with a whisk
3. 1 gram table salt combined with 250 mL of water
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1 and 2
e. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: C
8. Which one of the following is most likely to be a homogeneous mixture?
a. blood
b. soil
c. gasoline
d. plain yogurt
e. mortar (a mixture of calcium carbonate and sand)
ANS: C
9. Which one of the following is most likely to be a heterogeneous mixture?
a. vinegar (a mixture of acetic acid and water)
b. blood
c. antifreeze (a mixture of water and ethylene glycol)
d. sodium chloride (table salt) dissolved in water
e. the air trapped inside a car tire
ANS: B
,10. Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT?
1. Atoms are the smallest particles of an element that retain the element's chemical
properties.
2. Substances composed of only one type of atom are classified as elements.
3. Of the 118 known elements, only 48 occur naturally.
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1 and 2
e. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: D
11. The most recently named element, number 112, was recently named after which famous
scientist?
a. Sir Walter Rayleigh
b. Nicholaus Copernicus
c. Richard Oppenheimer
d. Isaac Asimov
e. Sir Isaac Newton
ANS: B
12. What is the correct symbol for potassium?
a. P
b. Pm
c. K
d. Pt
e. Po
ANS: C
13. What is the correct symbol for silver?
a. S
b. Si
c. Ag
d. Sr
e. Au
ANS: C
14. What is the name of the element with the symbol B?
a. barium
b. beryllium
c. bismuth
d. boron
e. bromine
ANS: D
, 15. What is the name of the element with the symbol Cr?
a. cerium
b. carbon
c. chromium
d. cadmium
e. chlorine
ANS: C
16. Which one of the following substances is classified as an element?
a. I2
b. NO
c. KCl
d. C6H12O6
e. CO
ANS: A
17. An electrically charged atom or group of atoms is a(n) ________.
a. element
b. ion
c. molecule
d. heterogeneous mixture
e. solution
ANS: B
18. A pure substance composed of two or more different elements is a(n) ________.
a. ion
b. heterogeneous mixture
c. chemical compound
d. solid
e. solution
ANS: C
19. A(n) ________ is a pure substance that is composed of only one type of atom.
a. ion
b. solution
c. element
d. molecule
e. gas
ANS: C
20. Which one of the following substances is classified as a chemical compound?
a. He
b. Nb
c. Na
d. NO
e. Co
ANS: D
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A hypothesis is a
a. mathematical formula that models a pattern of behavior.
b. concise statement of a behavior that is always the same under the same conditions.
c. set of experiments designed to test a theory.
d. well-tested, unifying principle that explains a body of facts.
e. tentative explanation or prediction based upon experimental observations.
ANS: E
2. A theory is a
a. concise statement of a behavior that is always the same under the same conditions.
b. tentative explanation or prediction based upon experimental observations.
c. mathematical formula that models a pattern of behavior.
d. well-tested, unifying principle that explains a body of facts.
e. set of quantitative numerical data.
ANS: D
3. All of the following statements concerning green chemistry are correct EXCEPT
a. it is better to prevent waste than to treat or clean up waste after it is formed.
b. synthetic methods should be designed to use and generate substances that possess little or
no toxicity to human health or the environment.
c. substances used in a chemical process should be chosen to minimize the potential for
chemical accidents.
d. raw materials should be renewable whenever technically and economically practical.
e. chemical syntheses should be done at high enough temperatures to ensure harmful bacteria
are destroyed.
ANS: E
4. Which of the following statements concerning the kinetic-molecular theory of matter is/are
CORRECT?
1. Particles in a liquid vibrate back and forth about an average position.
2. Particles in a solid are packed closely together, but are not confined to specific
positions.
3. Particles in a gas fly about randomly, colliding with themselves and the walls of their
container.
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1 and 2
e. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: C
,5. Which of the following statements concerning the kinetic-molecular theory of matter is/are
CORRECT?
1. Particles in a gas move faster as the temperature increases.
2. Particles in a liquid are packed closely together, but are not confined to specific
positions.
3. Particles in a gas vibrate back and forth about an average position.
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1 and 2
e. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: D
6. Which one of the following statements is correct?
a. A pure substance may be separated by filtration or distillation into two or more
components.
b. A heterogeneous mixture is also known as a solution.
c. A heterogeneous mixture is composed of two or more substances in the same phase.
d. The composition is uniform throughout a homogeneous mixture.
e. The combination of a liquid and a solid always results in a heterogeneous mixture.
ANS: D
7. Which of the following are likely to form a homogeneous mixture?
1. milk and ice cream blended together with chocolate syrup
2. an egg combined with milk and mixed with a whisk
3. 1 gram table salt combined with 250 mL of water
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1 and 2
e. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: C
8. Which one of the following is most likely to be a homogeneous mixture?
a. blood
b. soil
c. gasoline
d. plain yogurt
e. mortar (a mixture of calcium carbonate and sand)
ANS: C
9. Which one of the following is most likely to be a heterogeneous mixture?
a. vinegar (a mixture of acetic acid and water)
b. blood
c. antifreeze (a mixture of water and ethylene glycol)
d. sodium chloride (table salt) dissolved in water
e. the air trapped inside a car tire
ANS: B
,10. Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT?
1. Atoms are the smallest particles of an element that retain the element's chemical
properties.
2. Substances composed of only one type of atom are classified as elements.
3. Of the 118 known elements, only 48 occur naturally.
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1 and 2
e. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: D
11. The most recently named element, number 112, was recently named after which famous
scientist?
a. Sir Walter Rayleigh
b. Nicholaus Copernicus
c. Richard Oppenheimer
d. Isaac Asimov
e. Sir Isaac Newton
ANS: B
12. What is the correct symbol for potassium?
a. P
b. Pm
c. K
d. Pt
e. Po
ANS: C
13. What is the correct symbol for silver?
a. S
b. Si
c. Ag
d. Sr
e. Au
ANS: C
14. What is the name of the element with the symbol B?
a. barium
b. beryllium
c. bismuth
d. boron
e. bromine
ANS: D
, 15. What is the name of the element with the symbol Cr?
a. cerium
b. carbon
c. chromium
d. cadmium
e. chlorine
ANS: C
16. Which one of the following substances is classified as an element?
a. I2
b. NO
c. KCl
d. C6H12O6
e. CO
ANS: A
17. An electrically charged atom or group of atoms is a(n) ________.
a. element
b. ion
c. molecule
d. heterogeneous mixture
e. solution
ANS: B
18. A pure substance composed of two or more different elements is a(n) ________.
a. ion
b. heterogeneous mixture
c. chemical compound
d. solid
e. solution
ANS: C
19. A(n) ________ is a pure substance that is composed of only one type of atom.
a. ion
b. solution
c. element
d. molecule
e. gas
ANS: C
20. Which one of the following substances is classified as a chemical compound?
a. He
b. Nb
c. Na
d. NO
e. Co
ANS: D
