, Preface
T
he sixth edition of Modern Pharmacology With clinical scenarios and require them to apply their
Clinical Applications continues our commitment knowledge to solve the problem.
to enlisting experts in pharmacology to provide Refined Focus: In this edition, we chose to focus
a textbook that is up-to-date and comprehensive. De- more on drug classes rather than on individual drugs,
signed to be used during a single semester, the book fo- eliminate unnecessary detail such as chemical struc-
cuses on the clinical application of drugs within a con- tures, and maintain emphasis on structure–activity rela-
text of the major principles of pharmacology. It is meant tionships in drug action and development.
to serve students in medicine, osteopathy, dentistry, Updated Information: This edition also includes
pharmacy, and advanced nursing, as well as undergrad- new information from the clinic and the laboratory.
uate students. Emerging information has been added within chapters
and when appropriate (as in the case of herbal drugs
and erectile dysfunction), through the addition of new
SUMMARY OF FEATURES chapters.
With these revisions, we hope we have provided a
This edition includes a number of new or updated fea-
book that is readable, up-to-date, comprehensive but
tures that further enhance the appeal of the text.
not exhaustive, and accurate—a text that supplies both
Study Questions: Each chapter includes five to
students and faculty with a clear introduction to mod-
seven examination questions (following the United
ern pharmacotherapeutics.
States Medical Licensing Examination guidelines) with
detailed answers to help students test their knowledge Charles R. Craig
of the covered material. Robert E. Stitzel
Case Studies: Appearing at the end of each chapter,
case studies present students with real-life examples of
, Ta b l e o f C o n t e n t s
I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY 19. Calcium Channel Blockers 218
Vijay C. Swamy and David J. Triggle
1. Progress in Therapeutics 03
20. Antihypertensive Drugs 225
Robert E. Stitzel and Joseph J. McPhillips
David P. Westfall
2. Mechanisms of Drug Action 10
21. Diuretic Drugs 239
William W. Fleming
Peter A. Friedman and William O. Berndt
3. Drug Absorption and Distribution 20
22. Anticoagulant, Antiplatelet, and Fibrinolytic
Timothy S. Tracy
(Thrombolytic) Drugs 256
4. Metabolism and Excretion of Drugs 34
Jeffrey S. Fedan
Timothy S. Tracy
23. Hypocholesterolemic Drugs and Coronary Heart
5. Pharmacokinetics 48
Disease 268
Timothy S. Tracy
Richard J. Cenedella
6. Drug Metabolism and Disposition in Pediatric and
Gerontological Stages of Life 56
IV. DRUGS AFFECTING THE CENTRAL NERVOUS
Jeane McCarthy
SYSTEM
7. Principles of Toxicology 63
Mary E. Davis and Mark J. Reasor 24. Introduction to Central Nervous System
8. Contemporary Bioethical Issues in Pharmacology and Pharmacology 281
Pharmaceutical Research 73 Charles R. Craig
Janet Fleetwood 25. General Anesthesia: Intravenous and Inhalational
Agents 291
II. DRUGS AFFECTING THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS David J. Smith and Michael B. Howie
SYSTEM 26. Opioid and Nonopioid Analgesics 310
Sandra P. Welch and Billy R. Martin
9. General Organization and Functions of the Nervous
27. Local Anesthetics 336
System 83
J. David Haddox
William W. Fleming
28. Agents Affecting Neuromuscular
10. Adrenomimetic Drugs 96
Transmission 338
Tony J.-F. Lee and Robert E. Stitzel
Michael D. Miyamoto
11. Adrenoceptor Antagonists 109
29. Central Nervous System Stimulants 348
David P. Westfall
David A. Taylor
12. Directly and Indirectly Acting
30. Sedative–Hypnotic and Anxiolytic Drugs 355
Cholinomimetics 121
John W. Dailey
William F. Wonderlin
31. Drugs Used in Neurodegenerative Disorders 364
13. Muscarinic Blocking Drugs 134
Patricia K. Sonsalla
William F. Wonderlin
32. Antiepileptic Drugs 374
14. Ganglionic Blocking Drugs and Nicotine 141
Charles R. Craig
Thomas C. Westfall
33. Drugs Used in Mood Disorders 385
Herbert E. Ward and Albert J. Azzaro
III. Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular System
34. Antipsychotic Drugs 397
15. Pharmacologic Management of Chronic Heart Stephen M. Lasley
Failure 151 35. Contemporary Drug Abuse 406
Mitchell S. Finkel and Humayun Mirza Billy R. Martin and William L. Dewey
16. Antiarrhythmic Drugs 160
Peter S. Fischbach and Benedict R. Lucchesi V. THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS OF INFLAMMATORY
17. Antianginal Drugs 196 AND SELECTED OTHER CLINICAL DISORDERS
Garrett J. Gross
36. Antiinflammatory and Antirheumatic Drugs 423
18. The Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System and Other
Karen A. Woodfork and Knox Van Dyke
Vasoactive Substances 206
37. Drugs Used in Gout 441
Lisa A. Cassis
Knox Van Dyke
xi
, xii TABLE OF CONTENTS
38. Histamine and Histamine Antagonists 449 55. The Rational Basis for Cancer
Knox Van Dyke and Karen A. Woodfork Chemotherapy 630
39. Drugs Used in Asthma 458 Branimir I. Sikic
Theodore J. Torphy and Douglas W. P. Hay 56. Antineoplastic Agents 638
40. Drugs Used in Gastrointestinal Disorders 470 Branimir I. Sikic
Lisa M. Gangarosa and Donald G. Seibert 57. Immunomodulating Drugs 657
41. Drugs Used in Dermatological Disorders 484 Leonard J. Sauers
Eric L. Carter, Mary-Margaret Chren, and David R. Bickers 58. Gene Therapy 666
42. Drugs for the Control of Supragingival John S. Lazo and Jennifer Rubin Grandis
Plaque 499
Angelo Mariotti and Arthur F. Hefti VII. DRUGS AFFECTING THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
59. Hypothalamic and Pituitary Gland
VI. CHEMOTHERAPY
Hormones 677
43. Introduction to Chemotherapy 509 Priscilla S. Dannies
Steven M. Belknap 60. Adrenocortical Hormones and Drugs Affecting the
44. Synthetic Organic Antimicrobials: Sulfonamides, Adrenal Cortex 686
Trimethoprim, Nitrofurans, Quinolones, Ronald P. Rubin
Methenamine 515 61. Estrogens, Progestins, and SERMs 704
Marcia A. Miller-Hjelle, Vijaya Somaraju, and J. Thomas Hjelle Jeannine S. Strobl
45. -Lactam Antibiotics 526 62. Uterine Stimulants and Relaxants 716
James F. Graumlich Leo R. Brancazio and Robert E. Stitzel
46. Aminoglycoside Antibiotics 538 63. Androgens, Antiandrogens, and Anabolic
Steven Belknap Steroids 724
47. Tetracyclines, Chloramphenicol, Macrolides, and Frank L. Schwartz and Roman J. Miller
Lincosamides 544 64. Drugs Used in the Treatment of Erectile
Richard P. O’Connor Dysfunction 735
48. Bacitracin, Glycopeptide Antibiotics, and the John A. Thomas and Michael J. Thomas
Polymyxins 552 65. Thyroid and Antithyroid Drugs 742
Mir Abid Husain John Connors
49. Drugs Used in Tuberculosis and Leprosy 557 66. Parathyroid Hormone, Calcitonin, Vitamin D, and Other
Vijaya Somaraju Compounds Related to Mineral Metabolism 754
50. Antiviral Drugs 567 Frank L. Schwartz
Knox Van Dyke and Karen Woodfork 67. Insulin and Oral Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus 763
51. Therapy of Human Immunodeficiency Virus 584 Michael J. Thomas and John A. Thomas
Knox Van Dyke and Karen Woodfork 68. Vitamins 777
52. Antifungal Drugs 596 Suzanne Barone
David C. Slagle 69. Herbal Medicine 785
53. Antiprotozoal Drugs 606 Gregory Juckett
Leonard William Scheibel Index
54. Anthelmintic Drugs 621
Mir Abid Husain and Leonard William Scheibel
T
he sixth edition of Modern Pharmacology With clinical scenarios and require them to apply their
Clinical Applications continues our commitment knowledge to solve the problem.
to enlisting experts in pharmacology to provide Refined Focus: In this edition, we chose to focus
a textbook that is up-to-date and comprehensive. De- more on drug classes rather than on individual drugs,
signed to be used during a single semester, the book fo- eliminate unnecessary detail such as chemical struc-
cuses on the clinical application of drugs within a con- tures, and maintain emphasis on structure–activity rela-
text of the major principles of pharmacology. It is meant tionships in drug action and development.
to serve students in medicine, osteopathy, dentistry, Updated Information: This edition also includes
pharmacy, and advanced nursing, as well as undergrad- new information from the clinic and the laboratory.
uate students. Emerging information has been added within chapters
and when appropriate (as in the case of herbal drugs
and erectile dysfunction), through the addition of new
SUMMARY OF FEATURES chapters.
With these revisions, we hope we have provided a
This edition includes a number of new or updated fea-
book that is readable, up-to-date, comprehensive but
tures that further enhance the appeal of the text.
not exhaustive, and accurate—a text that supplies both
Study Questions: Each chapter includes five to
students and faculty with a clear introduction to mod-
seven examination questions (following the United
ern pharmacotherapeutics.
States Medical Licensing Examination guidelines) with
detailed answers to help students test their knowledge Charles R. Craig
of the covered material. Robert E. Stitzel
Case Studies: Appearing at the end of each chapter,
case studies present students with real-life examples of
, Ta b l e o f C o n t e n t s
I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY 19. Calcium Channel Blockers 218
Vijay C. Swamy and David J. Triggle
1. Progress in Therapeutics 03
20. Antihypertensive Drugs 225
Robert E. Stitzel and Joseph J. McPhillips
David P. Westfall
2. Mechanisms of Drug Action 10
21. Diuretic Drugs 239
William W. Fleming
Peter A. Friedman and William O. Berndt
3. Drug Absorption and Distribution 20
22. Anticoagulant, Antiplatelet, and Fibrinolytic
Timothy S. Tracy
(Thrombolytic) Drugs 256
4. Metabolism and Excretion of Drugs 34
Jeffrey S. Fedan
Timothy S. Tracy
23. Hypocholesterolemic Drugs and Coronary Heart
5. Pharmacokinetics 48
Disease 268
Timothy S. Tracy
Richard J. Cenedella
6. Drug Metabolism and Disposition in Pediatric and
Gerontological Stages of Life 56
IV. DRUGS AFFECTING THE CENTRAL NERVOUS
Jeane McCarthy
SYSTEM
7. Principles of Toxicology 63
Mary E. Davis and Mark J. Reasor 24. Introduction to Central Nervous System
8. Contemporary Bioethical Issues in Pharmacology and Pharmacology 281
Pharmaceutical Research 73 Charles R. Craig
Janet Fleetwood 25. General Anesthesia: Intravenous and Inhalational
Agents 291
II. DRUGS AFFECTING THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS David J. Smith and Michael B. Howie
SYSTEM 26. Opioid and Nonopioid Analgesics 310
Sandra P. Welch and Billy R. Martin
9. General Organization and Functions of the Nervous
27. Local Anesthetics 336
System 83
J. David Haddox
William W. Fleming
28. Agents Affecting Neuromuscular
10. Adrenomimetic Drugs 96
Transmission 338
Tony J.-F. Lee and Robert E. Stitzel
Michael D. Miyamoto
11. Adrenoceptor Antagonists 109
29. Central Nervous System Stimulants 348
David P. Westfall
David A. Taylor
12. Directly and Indirectly Acting
30. Sedative–Hypnotic and Anxiolytic Drugs 355
Cholinomimetics 121
John W. Dailey
William F. Wonderlin
31. Drugs Used in Neurodegenerative Disorders 364
13. Muscarinic Blocking Drugs 134
Patricia K. Sonsalla
William F. Wonderlin
32. Antiepileptic Drugs 374
14. Ganglionic Blocking Drugs and Nicotine 141
Charles R. Craig
Thomas C. Westfall
33. Drugs Used in Mood Disorders 385
Herbert E. Ward and Albert J. Azzaro
III. Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular System
34. Antipsychotic Drugs 397
15. Pharmacologic Management of Chronic Heart Stephen M. Lasley
Failure 151 35. Contemporary Drug Abuse 406
Mitchell S. Finkel and Humayun Mirza Billy R. Martin and William L. Dewey
16. Antiarrhythmic Drugs 160
Peter S. Fischbach and Benedict R. Lucchesi V. THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS OF INFLAMMATORY
17. Antianginal Drugs 196 AND SELECTED OTHER CLINICAL DISORDERS
Garrett J. Gross
36. Antiinflammatory and Antirheumatic Drugs 423
18. The Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System and Other
Karen A. Woodfork and Knox Van Dyke
Vasoactive Substances 206
37. Drugs Used in Gout 441
Lisa A. Cassis
Knox Van Dyke
xi
, xii TABLE OF CONTENTS
38. Histamine and Histamine Antagonists 449 55. The Rational Basis for Cancer
Knox Van Dyke and Karen A. Woodfork Chemotherapy 630
39. Drugs Used in Asthma 458 Branimir I. Sikic
Theodore J. Torphy and Douglas W. P. Hay 56. Antineoplastic Agents 638
40. Drugs Used in Gastrointestinal Disorders 470 Branimir I. Sikic
Lisa M. Gangarosa and Donald G. Seibert 57. Immunomodulating Drugs 657
41. Drugs Used in Dermatological Disorders 484 Leonard J. Sauers
Eric L. Carter, Mary-Margaret Chren, and David R. Bickers 58. Gene Therapy 666
42. Drugs for the Control of Supragingival John S. Lazo and Jennifer Rubin Grandis
Plaque 499
Angelo Mariotti and Arthur F. Hefti VII. DRUGS AFFECTING THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
59. Hypothalamic and Pituitary Gland
VI. CHEMOTHERAPY
Hormones 677
43. Introduction to Chemotherapy 509 Priscilla S. Dannies
Steven M. Belknap 60. Adrenocortical Hormones and Drugs Affecting the
44. Synthetic Organic Antimicrobials: Sulfonamides, Adrenal Cortex 686
Trimethoprim, Nitrofurans, Quinolones, Ronald P. Rubin
Methenamine 515 61. Estrogens, Progestins, and SERMs 704
Marcia A. Miller-Hjelle, Vijaya Somaraju, and J. Thomas Hjelle Jeannine S. Strobl
45. -Lactam Antibiotics 526 62. Uterine Stimulants and Relaxants 716
James F. Graumlich Leo R. Brancazio and Robert E. Stitzel
46. Aminoglycoside Antibiotics 538 63. Androgens, Antiandrogens, and Anabolic
Steven Belknap Steroids 724
47. Tetracyclines, Chloramphenicol, Macrolides, and Frank L. Schwartz and Roman J. Miller
Lincosamides 544 64. Drugs Used in the Treatment of Erectile
Richard P. O’Connor Dysfunction 735
48. Bacitracin, Glycopeptide Antibiotics, and the John A. Thomas and Michael J. Thomas
Polymyxins 552 65. Thyroid and Antithyroid Drugs 742
Mir Abid Husain John Connors
49. Drugs Used in Tuberculosis and Leprosy 557 66. Parathyroid Hormone, Calcitonin, Vitamin D, and Other
Vijaya Somaraju Compounds Related to Mineral Metabolism 754
50. Antiviral Drugs 567 Frank L. Schwartz
Knox Van Dyke and Karen Woodfork 67. Insulin and Oral Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus 763
51. Therapy of Human Immunodeficiency Virus 584 Michael J. Thomas and John A. Thomas
Knox Van Dyke and Karen Woodfork 68. Vitamins 777
52. Antifungal Drugs 596 Suzanne Barone
David C. Slagle 69. Herbal Medicine 785
53. Antiprotozoal Drugs 606 Gregory Juckett
Leonard William Scheibel Index
54. Anthelmintic Drugs 621
Mir Abid Husain and Leonard William Scheibel
