Bedrijfsinformatica Prof. Alexandre Thys
Table of Contents
1 – Inleiding & Doel van de cursus ............................................................................................................................................................ 6
2- Basic Concepts.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Wat is hardware ?........................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
Wat is software ?.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Wat zijn databanken ? ............................................................................................................................................................................ 10
Wat zijn Netwerken? ............................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Wat zijn Servers ? ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Wat is Internet ? ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 14
Wat is Computer Architecture? .......................................................................................................................................................... 17
Evolutie van Computer Architecture ........................................................................................................................................... 17
Wat zijn Processen ? ................................................................................................................................................................................ 19
Wat zijn algoritmes ?............................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Wat is een informatiesysteem ? .......................................................................................................................................................... 20
Internet of Things (IoT) ......................................................................................................................................................................... 21
3- Algoritmes ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Geef de 8 stappen bij het programmeren ....................................................................................................................................... 22
Leg uit : Probleemdefinitie............................................................................................................................................................... 22
Leg uit : Oplossingsstrategie ........................................................................................................................................................... 22
Leg uit : Voorstelling van het algoritme ..................................................................................................................................... 22
Leg uit : Programmeren .................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Wat is Compileren? ............................................................................................................................................................................. 22
Wat gebeurd er bij het testen? ....................................................................................................................................................... 22
Leg uit : Documenteren ..................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Leg uit : Onderhoud ............................................................................................................................................................................ 22
Hoe stel je algoritmes voor ? ................................................................................................................................................................ 23
Wat is een Organigram? .................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Sequenties ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Definitie ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Oefening 1 ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Oefening 2 ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Oefening 3 ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
SELECTIE (= voorwaardelijke opdracht) ....................................................................................................................................... 26
Definitie ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
If then........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 26
If then else............................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
Case............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 27
Fadia Farhat | VUB 2021-2022 1
, ITERATIE (= herhalingsopdracht = loop)....................................................................................................................................... 27
Definitie ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
WHILE ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
REPEAT .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
FOR ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 28
Oefening 1 ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 29
Oefening met Ingenestelde IF’s ...................................................................................................................................................... 31
Examenvraag : Algoritmes ............................................................................................................................................................... 32
4- Programmeren .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
Python in een notedop ........................................................................................................................................................................... 32
Datatypes voor variabelen .................................................................................................................................................................... 33
Hoe type van een variabele kennen? ........................................................................................................................................... 34
Delen door nul & soorten fouten ................................................................................................................................................... 34
Variable names ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 35
Overschakelen van types .................................................................................................................................................................. 35
Andere built-in functies .................................................................................................................................................................... 35
Operators ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 36
Arithmetic Operators ......................................................................................................................................................................... 36
Assignment Operators ....................................................................................................................................................................... 36
Comparison Operators ...................................................................................................................................................................... 36
Logical Operators................................................................................................................................................................................. 36
Booleans ........................................................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Strings ............................................................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Create a string ........................................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Escape Characters ................................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
String Operators : + en * ....................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Lengte van een string berekenen ...................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
String-methodes ....................................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Format-methode voor strings ............................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Input & Print Functie .............................................................................................................................................................................. 36
Selecties ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 37
Controle statement – IF ..................................................................................................................................................................... 37
Elif .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 38
Else............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 38
Else without elif .................................................................................................................................................................................... 38
Ternary Operators or Conditional Expressions ...................................................................................................................... 38
Iteraties......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 41
While-Loop ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 41
Oefeningen op de While .................................................................................................................................................................... 42
FOR-Loop ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 43
Fadia Farhat | VUB 2021-2022 2
, Generation programming languages ................................................................................................................................................ 50
First-generation programming language .................................................................................................................................. 50
Second-generation programming language ............................................................................................................................. 52
Third-generation programming language................................................................................................................................. 52
“holy grail” : express program in “everyday language” ....................................................................................................... 53
Traditional programming concepts .................................................................................................................................................. 53
Data types ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 53
De Primitieven ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 57
Oefeningen Programmeren .................................................................................................................................................................. 66
Oefening 1 ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 66
Oefening 2 ................................................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Oefening 3 ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 66
Oefening 4 ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 67
Oefening 5 : Examenvraag ............................................................................................................................................................... 67
Oefening 6 : Examenvraag : functie in een functie ! .............................................................................................................. 68
Input – Output Questions ................................................................................................................................................................. 69
Transform next FOR-code with a while? -> Examenvraag ................................................................................................. 70
Examenvraag Algoritmes in Python ............................................................................................................................................ 71
5- Functionaliteiten ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 72
Process Modelling .................................................................................................................................................................................... 72
Elementen ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 72
Overview Flow objects ...................................................................................................................................................................... 81
Overview Connecting objects ......................................................................................................................................................... 81
Overview Swim lanes ......................................................................................................................................................................... 81
Overview Artifacts............................................................................................................................................................................... 82
BPMI.iO .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 82
Use Cases ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 82
Use Case diagrams ............................................................................................................................................................................... 82
Elementen ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 82
6- Project Management (is ook een algoritme)................................................................................................................................. 87
Views ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 87
Creating a Project ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 87
Inleidend voorbeeld met MS Project ........................................................................................................................................... 87
Applicatie : Project Libre ....................................................................................................................................................................... 89
Step 1: Creating a project ................................................................................................................................................................. 89
Step 2 : Creating a Task List ............................................................................................................................................................ 90
Step 3 : Setting up Resources .......................................................................................................................................................... 92
Step 4 : Assign Resources to Tasks ............................................................................................................................................... 96
Other functionalities ........................................................................................................................................................................... 98
7- Databanken...............................................................................................................................................................................................100
Fadia Farhat | VUB 2021-2022 3
, Excel : voorbeeld van databank ........................................................................................................................................................100
Access : Voorbeeld van een relationele databank .....................................................................................................................100
Data Modellering ....................................................................................................................................................................................101
5.1 Classes (= tabellen) ........................................................................................................................................................................101
Class Diagrams ....................................................................................................................................................................................101
Wat bevat een Class Diagram ? ....................................................................................................................................................101
Klasse ......................................................................................................................................................................................................102
Associatie ..............................................................................................................................................................................................102
Multipliciteit ........................................................................................................................................................................................102
Attributen..............................................................................................................................................................................................103
Associatie Klassen .............................................................................................................................................................................104
Compositie ............................................................................................................................................................................................107
Aggregatie .............................................................................................................................................................................................107
Generalisatie ........................................................................................................................................................................................107
5.2 Databases ...........................................................................................................................................................................................109
Definitie .................................................................................................................................................................................................109
From Class to Table...........................................................................................................................................................................109
First normal form (1NF) .................................................................................................................................................................109
Column Types......................................................................................................................................................................................109
Keys .........................................................................................................................................................................................................110
Primary Key .........................................................................................................................................................................................111
Mapping associations with multiplicity 1 ................................................................................................................................112
Mapping other associations ..........................................................................................................................................................113
Instanties (records) ..........................................................................................................................................................................114
Database met Power BI ...................................................................................................................................................................115
Oefeningen HOC .................................................................................................................................................................................115
8- Informatics in a business context ....................................................................................................................................................116
9- Enterprise applications .......................................................................................................................................................................116
Hoe starten we met de ontwikkeling van een IT-applicatie in een onderneming? .....................................................116
System development lifecycle : algemeen overzicht. ..............................................................................................................116
Stap 1 : Planning : Planning Stage ...............................................................................................................................................116
Stap 2 : Analysis : Feasibility or Requirements of Analysis Stage .................................................................................118
Stap 3 : Design : Design and Prototyping Stage .....................................................................................................................119
Stap 4 : Implementation : Software Development Stage ...................................................................................................119
Stap 5 : Testing : Software Testing Stage .................................................................................................................................120
Stap 6 : Go-Live : Implementation and integration..............................................................................................................120
Stap 7 : Maintenance : Operations and Maintenance Stage..............................................................................................120
Project Management.........................................................................................................................................................................121
10- New Business Models ........................................................................................................................................................................123
Types E-commerce.................................................................................................................................................................................123
Fadia Farhat | VUB 2021-2022 4
Table of Contents
1 – Inleiding & Doel van de cursus ............................................................................................................................................................ 6
2- Basic Concepts.............................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Wat is hardware ?........................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
Wat is software ?.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Wat zijn databanken ? ............................................................................................................................................................................ 10
Wat zijn Netwerken? ............................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Wat zijn Servers ? ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Wat is Internet ? ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 14
Wat is Computer Architecture? .......................................................................................................................................................... 17
Evolutie van Computer Architecture ........................................................................................................................................... 17
Wat zijn Processen ? ................................................................................................................................................................................ 19
Wat zijn algoritmes ?............................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Wat is een informatiesysteem ? .......................................................................................................................................................... 20
Internet of Things (IoT) ......................................................................................................................................................................... 21
3- Algoritmes ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Geef de 8 stappen bij het programmeren ....................................................................................................................................... 22
Leg uit : Probleemdefinitie............................................................................................................................................................... 22
Leg uit : Oplossingsstrategie ........................................................................................................................................................... 22
Leg uit : Voorstelling van het algoritme ..................................................................................................................................... 22
Leg uit : Programmeren .................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Wat is Compileren? ............................................................................................................................................................................. 22
Wat gebeurd er bij het testen? ....................................................................................................................................................... 22
Leg uit : Documenteren ..................................................................................................................................................................... 22
Leg uit : Onderhoud ............................................................................................................................................................................ 22
Hoe stel je algoritmes voor ? ................................................................................................................................................................ 23
Wat is een Organigram? .................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Sequenties ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Definitie ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Oefening 1 ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
Oefening 2 ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
Oefening 3 ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
SELECTIE (= voorwaardelijke opdracht) ....................................................................................................................................... 26
Definitie ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
If then........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 26
If then else............................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
Case............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 27
Fadia Farhat | VUB 2021-2022 1
, ITERATIE (= herhalingsopdracht = loop)....................................................................................................................................... 27
Definitie ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
WHILE ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
REPEAT .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
FOR ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 28
Oefening 1 ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 29
Oefening met Ingenestelde IF’s ...................................................................................................................................................... 31
Examenvraag : Algoritmes ............................................................................................................................................................... 32
4- Programmeren .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 32
Python in een notedop ........................................................................................................................................................................... 32
Datatypes voor variabelen .................................................................................................................................................................... 33
Hoe type van een variabele kennen? ........................................................................................................................................... 34
Delen door nul & soorten fouten ................................................................................................................................................... 34
Variable names ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 35
Overschakelen van types .................................................................................................................................................................. 35
Andere built-in functies .................................................................................................................................................................... 35
Operators ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 36
Arithmetic Operators ......................................................................................................................................................................... 36
Assignment Operators ....................................................................................................................................................................... 36
Comparison Operators ...................................................................................................................................................................... 36
Logical Operators................................................................................................................................................................................. 36
Booleans ........................................................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Strings ............................................................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Create a string ........................................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Escape Characters ................................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
String Operators : + en * ....................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Lengte van een string berekenen ...................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
String-methodes ....................................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Format-methode voor strings ............................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Input & Print Functie .............................................................................................................................................................................. 36
Selecties ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 37
Controle statement – IF ..................................................................................................................................................................... 37
Elif .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 38
Else............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 38
Else without elif .................................................................................................................................................................................... 38
Ternary Operators or Conditional Expressions ...................................................................................................................... 38
Iteraties......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 41
While-Loop ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 41
Oefeningen op de While .................................................................................................................................................................... 42
FOR-Loop ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 43
Fadia Farhat | VUB 2021-2022 2
, Generation programming languages ................................................................................................................................................ 50
First-generation programming language .................................................................................................................................. 50
Second-generation programming language ............................................................................................................................. 52
Third-generation programming language................................................................................................................................. 52
“holy grail” : express program in “everyday language” ....................................................................................................... 53
Traditional programming concepts .................................................................................................................................................. 53
Data types ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 53
De Primitieven ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 57
Oefeningen Programmeren .................................................................................................................................................................. 66
Oefening 1 ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 66
Oefening 2 ................................................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Oefening 3 ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 66
Oefening 4 ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 67
Oefening 5 : Examenvraag ............................................................................................................................................................... 67
Oefening 6 : Examenvraag : functie in een functie ! .............................................................................................................. 68
Input – Output Questions ................................................................................................................................................................. 69
Transform next FOR-code with a while? -> Examenvraag ................................................................................................. 70
Examenvraag Algoritmes in Python ............................................................................................................................................ 71
5- Functionaliteiten ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 72
Process Modelling .................................................................................................................................................................................... 72
Elementen ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 72
Overview Flow objects ...................................................................................................................................................................... 81
Overview Connecting objects ......................................................................................................................................................... 81
Overview Swim lanes ......................................................................................................................................................................... 81
Overview Artifacts............................................................................................................................................................................... 82
BPMI.iO .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 82
Use Cases ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 82
Use Case diagrams ............................................................................................................................................................................... 82
Elementen ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 82
6- Project Management (is ook een algoritme)................................................................................................................................. 87
Views ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 87
Creating a Project ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 87
Inleidend voorbeeld met MS Project ........................................................................................................................................... 87
Applicatie : Project Libre ....................................................................................................................................................................... 89
Step 1: Creating a project ................................................................................................................................................................. 89
Step 2 : Creating a Task List ............................................................................................................................................................ 90
Step 3 : Setting up Resources .......................................................................................................................................................... 92
Step 4 : Assign Resources to Tasks ............................................................................................................................................... 96
Other functionalities ........................................................................................................................................................................... 98
7- Databanken...............................................................................................................................................................................................100
Fadia Farhat | VUB 2021-2022 3
, Excel : voorbeeld van databank ........................................................................................................................................................100
Access : Voorbeeld van een relationele databank .....................................................................................................................100
Data Modellering ....................................................................................................................................................................................101
5.1 Classes (= tabellen) ........................................................................................................................................................................101
Class Diagrams ....................................................................................................................................................................................101
Wat bevat een Class Diagram ? ....................................................................................................................................................101
Klasse ......................................................................................................................................................................................................102
Associatie ..............................................................................................................................................................................................102
Multipliciteit ........................................................................................................................................................................................102
Attributen..............................................................................................................................................................................................103
Associatie Klassen .............................................................................................................................................................................104
Compositie ............................................................................................................................................................................................107
Aggregatie .............................................................................................................................................................................................107
Generalisatie ........................................................................................................................................................................................107
5.2 Databases ...........................................................................................................................................................................................109
Definitie .................................................................................................................................................................................................109
From Class to Table...........................................................................................................................................................................109
First normal form (1NF) .................................................................................................................................................................109
Column Types......................................................................................................................................................................................109
Keys .........................................................................................................................................................................................................110
Primary Key .........................................................................................................................................................................................111
Mapping associations with multiplicity 1 ................................................................................................................................112
Mapping other associations ..........................................................................................................................................................113
Instanties (records) ..........................................................................................................................................................................114
Database met Power BI ...................................................................................................................................................................115
Oefeningen HOC .................................................................................................................................................................................115
8- Informatics in a business context ....................................................................................................................................................116
9- Enterprise applications .......................................................................................................................................................................116
Hoe starten we met de ontwikkeling van een IT-applicatie in een onderneming? .....................................................116
System development lifecycle : algemeen overzicht. ..............................................................................................................116
Stap 1 : Planning : Planning Stage ...............................................................................................................................................116
Stap 2 : Analysis : Feasibility or Requirements of Analysis Stage .................................................................................118
Stap 3 : Design : Design and Prototyping Stage .....................................................................................................................119
Stap 4 : Implementation : Software Development Stage ...................................................................................................119
Stap 5 : Testing : Software Testing Stage .................................................................................................................................120
Stap 6 : Go-Live : Implementation and integration..............................................................................................................120
Stap 7 : Maintenance : Operations and Maintenance Stage..............................................................................................120
Project Management.........................................................................................................................................................................121
10- New Business Models ........................................................................................................................................................................123
Types E-commerce.................................................................................................................................................................................123
Fadia Farhat | VUB 2021-2022 4
