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SOHSS-AREEKODE NAVAS CHEEMADAN
Chapter-01 Ø All these reproductive events occur only
after puberty.
Human Reproduction ü There are remarkable differences
between the reproductive events in the
male and in the female, The sperm
Introduction formation (Spermatogenesis) continues in
ü Humans are sexually reproducing and old men, but formation of ovum
viviparous organisms. (Oogenesis) ceases in women around the
ü Reproduction is ability to reproduce age of 50 years.
individuals of same species. The main
events in reproduction include-
The Male Reproductive System
Gametogenesis-------> Insemination ------->
fertilsation-----> implanation----> gestation-
---> delivery/Parturition.
a)Gametogenesis:-
Ø it is the formation of gametes.
Ø Male gametes are sperms and female
gametes are egg/ovum.
Ø Formation of sperm is called
spermatogenesis
Ø Formation of egg is called
oogenesis
b)Insemination:-
Ø it is the transfer of sperms into the
female genital tract
c)Fertilisation:-
Ø it is the fusion of male and female The male reproductive system is located in
gamete. It results in the formation of the pelvis region. It consists of
zygote a) A pair of testis
d)Implantation:- b) Accessory ducts
Ø Attachment of Blastocyst on the c) Glands
inner wall of uterus (Endometrium) is d) External genitalia.
called implantation a)Testes
e)Gestation:- v The testes are situated outside the
Ø Embryonic development within the abdominal cavity (Extra abdominal )
uterus of mother is called gestation. within a pouch called scrotum.
Ø Human gestation period is 9 month. v The scrotum helps in maintaining the
Or low temperature of the testes (2–2.5oc
Ø The duration between fertilization lower than the normal internal body
temperature) necessary for
and parturition is called gestation.
spermatogenesis.
f)Parturition:-
Ø Delivery of the baby is the parturition
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SOHSS-AREEKODE NAVAS CHEEMADAN
b)Accessory Duct
Shape of Each Testis: Oval v The male sex accessory ducts include
Length: 4 to 5 cm v Rete testis,
Width: 2 to 3 cm v Vasa efferentia,
Position: Within scrotum v Epididymis and
v Vas deferens.
v The seminiferous tubules of the testis
v The testis is covered by a dense covering. open into the vasa efferentia through
v Each testis has about 250 compartments rete testis (They are irregular cavities
called testicular lobules. present in testes ).
v Each Testicular lobule contains one to v The vasa efferentia leave the testis and
three highly coiled seminiferous tubules open into epididymis.
in which sperms are produced. v The epididymis leads to vas deferens.
v Each seminiferous tubule is lined on its v Vas deferens receives a duct from
inside by two types of cells called seminal vesicle and opens into urethra as
Ø Male germ cells (spermatogonia) the ejaculatory duct .
and v These ducts store and transport the
Ø Sertoli cells. sperms from the testis to the outside
v The male germ cells undergo meiotic through urethra.
divisions finally leading to sperm v The urethra originates from the urinary
formation, while Sertoli cells (Nursing bladder and extends through the penis to
cells ) provide nutrition to the germ its external opening called urethral
cells. meatus.
Seminiferous tubules àRete testisà Vasa
efferentia à EpididymisàVas deferens
àEjaculatory duct à Urethra à Urethral
meatus
c)External Genitalia
ü The penis is the male external genitalia .
ü It is made up of special tissue ( Spongy
erectile tissue ) that helps in erection of
the penis to facilitate insemination.
ü The enlarged end of penis called the
glans penis is covered by a loose fold of
skin called foreskin.
d) Accessory Glands
ü It include
v The regions outside the seminiferous i)Paired seminal vesicles,
tubules called interstitial spaces, contain ii)A prostate and
small blood vessels and interstitial cells iii)Paired bulbourethral glands
or Leydig cell. (Cowper’s gland ).
v Leydig cells synthesise and secrete ü Secretions of all these glands constitute
testicular hormones called androgens. the seminal plasma which is rich in
Other immunologically competent cells
fructose, calcium and certain enzymes.
are also present.
ü The secretions of bulbourethral glands
also helps in the lubrication of the
penis.
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SOHSS-AREEKODE NAVAS CHEEMADAN
ü Seminal plasma along with sperm is a)Ovary
called Semen · Ovaries are the primary female sex
Seminal Plasma+Sperm= Semen organs
· Ovaries produce the female gamete
(ovum) and several steroid hormones
(ovarian hormones-Estrogen and
progesteron).
· The ovaries are located one on each side
of the lower abdomen
· Each ovary is about 2 to 4 cm in length
and is connected to the pelvic wall and
uterus by ligaments.
· Each ovary is covered by a thin epithelium
which encloses the ovarian stroma.
· The stroma is divided into two zones –
a peripheral cortex and an inner
medulla
b) Accessory ducts
· Accessory ducts include
v The oviducts (fallopian tubes),
v Uterus and
v Vagina
The Female Reproductive System
Oviduct :
· Each fallopian tube is about 10-12 cm
long), the part closer to the ovary is the
funnel-shaped infundibulum.
· The edges of the infundibulum
possess finger-like projections called
fimbriae, which help in collection of
the ovum after ovulation.
· The infundibulum leads to a wider
part of the oviduct called ampulla.
· The last part of the oviduct, isthmus
has a narrow lumen and it joins the
uterus
Uterus (Womb) ;
· The shape of the uterus is like an
inverted pear.
Ø The female reproductive system is located · The uterus opens into vagina
in pelvic region and through a narrow cervix.
Ø it consists of · The cavity of the cervix is called
a)A pair of ovaries, cervical canal which along with
b)Accessory ducts and vagina forms the birth canal.
c)External genitalia
These parts of the system along with a pair v The wall of the uterus has three layers of
of the mammary glands are integrated tissue.
structurally and functionally to support the i) Perimetrium:-
processes of ovulation, fertilisation, It is the The external thin membranous
pregnancy, birth and child care. layer of uterus
NAVAS CHEEMADAN/2021
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SOHSS-AREEKODE NAVAS CHEEMADAN
Chapter-01 Ø All these reproductive events occur only
after puberty.
Human Reproduction ü There are remarkable differences
between the reproductive events in the
male and in the female, The sperm
Introduction formation (Spermatogenesis) continues in
ü Humans are sexually reproducing and old men, but formation of ovum
viviparous organisms. (Oogenesis) ceases in women around the
ü Reproduction is ability to reproduce age of 50 years.
individuals of same species. The main
events in reproduction include-
The Male Reproductive System
Gametogenesis-------> Insemination ------->
fertilsation-----> implanation----> gestation-
---> delivery/Parturition.
a)Gametogenesis:-
Ø it is the formation of gametes.
Ø Male gametes are sperms and female
gametes are egg/ovum.
Ø Formation of sperm is called
spermatogenesis
Ø Formation of egg is called
oogenesis
b)Insemination:-
Ø it is the transfer of sperms into the
female genital tract
c)Fertilisation:-
Ø it is the fusion of male and female The male reproductive system is located in
gamete. It results in the formation of the pelvis region. It consists of
zygote a) A pair of testis
d)Implantation:- b) Accessory ducts
Ø Attachment of Blastocyst on the c) Glands
inner wall of uterus (Endometrium) is d) External genitalia.
called implantation a)Testes
e)Gestation:- v The testes are situated outside the
Ø Embryonic development within the abdominal cavity (Extra abdominal )
uterus of mother is called gestation. within a pouch called scrotum.
Ø Human gestation period is 9 month. v The scrotum helps in maintaining the
Or low temperature of the testes (2–2.5oc
Ø The duration between fertilization lower than the normal internal body
temperature) necessary for
and parturition is called gestation.
spermatogenesis.
f)Parturition:-
Ø Delivery of the baby is the parturition
NAVAS CHEEMADAN/2021
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SOHSS-AREEKODE NAVAS CHEEMADAN
b)Accessory Duct
Shape of Each Testis: Oval v The male sex accessory ducts include
Length: 4 to 5 cm v Rete testis,
Width: 2 to 3 cm v Vasa efferentia,
Position: Within scrotum v Epididymis and
v Vas deferens.
v The seminiferous tubules of the testis
v The testis is covered by a dense covering. open into the vasa efferentia through
v Each testis has about 250 compartments rete testis (They are irregular cavities
called testicular lobules. present in testes ).
v Each Testicular lobule contains one to v The vasa efferentia leave the testis and
three highly coiled seminiferous tubules open into epididymis.
in which sperms are produced. v The epididymis leads to vas deferens.
v Each seminiferous tubule is lined on its v Vas deferens receives a duct from
inside by two types of cells called seminal vesicle and opens into urethra as
Ø Male germ cells (spermatogonia) the ejaculatory duct .
and v These ducts store and transport the
Ø Sertoli cells. sperms from the testis to the outside
v The male germ cells undergo meiotic through urethra.
divisions finally leading to sperm v The urethra originates from the urinary
formation, while Sertoli cells (Nursing bladder and extends through the penis to
cells ) provide nutrition to the germ its external opening called urethral
cells. meatus.
Seminiferous tubules àRete testisà Vasa
efferentia à EpididymisàVas deferens
àEjaculatory duct à Urethra à Urethral
meatus
c)External Genitalia
ü The penis is the male external genitalia .
ü It is made up of special tissue ( Spongy
erectile tissue ) that helps in erection of
the penis to facilitate insemination.
ü The enlarged end of penis called the
glans penis is covered by a loose fold of
skin called foreskin.
d) Accessory Glands
ü It include
v The regions outside the seminiferous i)Paired seminal vesicles,
tubules called interstitial spaces, contain ii)A prostate and
small blood vessels and interstitial cells iii)Paired bulbourethral glands
or Leydig cell. (Cowper’s gland ).
v Leydig cells synthesise and secrete ü Secretions of all these glands constitute
testicular hormones called androgens. the seminal plasma which is rich in
Other immunologically competent cells
fructose, calcium and certain enzymes.
are also present.
ü The secretions of bulbourethral glands
also helps in the lubrication of the
penis.
NAVAS CHEEMADAN/2021
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https://t.me/hsslive Downloaded from www.Hsslive.in ®
SOHSS-AREEKODE NAVAS CHEEMADAN
ü Seminal plasma along with sperm is a)Ovary
called Semen · Ovaries are the primary female sex
Seminal Plasma+Sperm= Semen organs
· Ovaries produce the female gamete
(ovum) and several steroid hormones
(ovarian hormones-Estrogen and
progesteron).
· The ovaries are located one on each side
of the lower abdomen
· Each ovary is about 2 to 4 cm in length
and is connected to the pelvic wall and
uterus by ligaments.
· Each ovary is covered by a thin epithelium
which encloses the ovarian stroma.
· The stroma is divided into two zones –
a peripheral cortex and an inner
medulla
b) Accessory ducts
· Accessory ducts include
v The oviducts (fallopian tubes),
v Uterus and
v Vagina
The Female Reproductive System
Oviduct :
· Each fallopian tube is about 10-12 cm
long), the part closer to the ovary is the
funnel-shaped infundibulum.
· The edges of the infundibulum
possess finger-like projections called
fimbriae, which help in collection of
the ovum after ovulation.
· The infundibulum leads to a wider
part of the oviduct called ampulla.
· The last part of the oviduct, isthmus
has a narrow lumen and it joins the
uterus
Uterus (Womb) ;
· The shape of the uterus is like an
inverted pear.
Ø The female reproductive system is located · The uterus opens into vagina
in pelvic region and through a narrow cervix.
Ø it consists of · The cavity of the cervix is called
a)A pair of ovaries, cervical canal which along with
b)Accessory ducts and vagina forms the birth canal.
c)External genitalia
These parts of the system along with a pair v The wall of the uterus has three layers of
of the mammary glands are integrated tissue.
structurally and functionally to support the i) Perimetrium:-
processes of ovulation, fertilisation, It is the The external thin membranous
pregnancy, birth and child care. layer of uterus
NAVAS CHEEMADAN/2021
