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Samenvatting Modellen en belangrijke namen

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Psychologie : Modellen en belangrijke namen
Scholen van de psychologie

1. Europa
a. Wundt en het stucturalisme
i. Bewustzijn
ii. Basiscomponenten combineren
iii. Analytische introspectie
b. Binet en toegepaste psychologie
i. Intelligentietest
c. Freud en het onbewuste
i. Psychoanalyse
ii. Kindertijdervaringen
iii. Vrije associatie
2. VS
a. William James en het functionalisme
i. Functie brein
ii. Hawthrone effect
iii. Introspectie
b. Watson en het behaviorisme
i. GEDRAG
ii. Little Albert
c. Cognitieve psychologie
i. Mens is een informatie verwerker

Erikson’s model

Ontwikkeling van 8 deugden doorheen de verschillende levensfasen. (hoop, wil,
doelgerichtheid, competentie, trouw, liefde, zorg, wijsheid)

Ethiologishe theorie van Bowlby

Gehechtheid is adaptief (bevordert overleving) (Behaviorisme)

1. Geen gehechtheid
2. Beginnende gehechtheid
3. Duidelijke gehechtheid
4. Wederkerige relatie
a. Intern werkmodel

, Ainsworth: soorten gehechtheid

1. Veilige gehechtheid (consistent reageren)
a. Veilige uitvalsbasis, snel gekalmeerd kind
2. Vermijdende gehechtheid (niet reageren)
a. Onbewogen door ouder of die er is of niet
3. Afwerende gehechtheid (inconsistent reageren)
a. Ambivalente reactie, boos, huilen, geen troost
4. Ongeorganiseerde gehechtheid (negatief reageren)
a. Ouder is gevaarfiguur, rare reactie kind

Jean Piaget: stadia en theorie

Kinderen ontwikkelen kennis op basis van schema’s.
Balans tussen accommodatie en assimilatie (onevenwicht leidt tot meer cognitieve
ontwikkeling)

1. Sensomotorische fase (0-2)
a. Circulaire schema’s
2. Pre-operationele fase (2-7)
a. Taal + doen alsof
b. Egocentrisme
c. Geen hierarchie van zaken
d. Onvermogen tot conservatie
e. Ziekte:
i. Geen vragen
ii. Phenomenisme
iii. Oorzaak dingen die nabij zijn maar niet in het lichaam
3. Concreet operationele fase (7-11)
a. Denken is logischer en flexiber
b. Wel conservatie
c. Spatiaal redeneren
d. Ziekte
i. Contaminatie
ii. Oorzaak in het lichaam
4. Formeel operationele fase (na 11 jaar)
a. Abstract en hypothetisch denken
b. Ziekte
i. Fysiologisch
ii. Psychofysiologisch

Schacter: 7 sins of memory

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Uploaded on
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Number of pages
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Written in
2019/2020
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