NURS 3460 Data Base and Nursing Care Plan - 2021 | NURS3460 Data Base and Nursing Care Plan - Complete

NURS 3460 Data Base and Nursing Care Plan – 2021 North Carolina Central University Department Of Nursing Data Base And Nursing Care Plan Pathophysiology (Include Normal Physiology, identify the Physiological Alteration, identify signs and symptoms). Normal Physiology: The renal system maintains health in multiple ways, and can affect several other systems if dysfunctional. Primarily, the kidneys maintain fluid volumes in the body and filter waste products intended for elimination. Glomerular filtration occurs as blood filters water, electrolytes, hormones, and wastes across the glomerular membrane. After filtration occurs, excess fluid and wastes are excreted via the ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys also function to produce erythropoietin in order to synthesize red blood cells, and regulate blood pressure by means of renin production. Malfunction is chiefly detected through blood tests (increased serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen) or urinalysis, which can detect macromolecules such as protein or glucose in the urine (Ignatavicius, & Workman, 2010). Physiological Alteration: End-stage kidney disease: acute renal failure combined with chronic renal insufficiency, resulting in the inability of the kidney to excrete waste products normally. A gradual decrease in GFR occurs and nephron damage continues due to the increased intra-renal pressure. Excessive amounts of urea and creatinine build up in the blood and the kidneys can no longer maintain homeostasis. Severe imbalances of fluids, electrolytes, and acid-base balance occur, and the patient will face fatal complications without hemodialysis or kidney transplantation (Ignatavicius, & Workman, 2010). Signs & Symptoms: Key features include metallic taste in mouth, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps, fatigue & lethargy, edema, dyspnea, and paresthesias (Ignatavicius, & Workman, 2010). - - - -