Summary EDT303Q Summarised Study Notes

EDT303Q

NOTES

,STUDYUNI
T2:AFRI
CANI
NDI
GENOUSRELI
GIONS:

I
NDIGENOUSDEFI NI
TION:
Theclai
mt ohavebeenthefi
rstoror
igi
nali
nhabi
tant
sofa
t
err
it
ory.Exampl
es:t
heabori
gineswerethef
ir
stinhabi
tant
sinAustr
ali
a.

NB:Iti
simport
antt
onotethathi
stor
iansemphasi
sethati
ndigenei
tyi
sunchangi
ng.The
onl
ychangingi
sofhybri
dnatureandsuchchangesareascr
ibedtthemi
grati
onand
i
nter
acti
onswithot
hergr
oups.

AFRI
CANI
NDI
GENOUSRELI
GIONS:

Changei
sdescr
ibedi
nter
msof
:

 Precol
oni
alencounter
s(nowritt
enr
ecordst
her
eforearchaeol
ogi
calevi
denceand
comparat
iveanthr
opologi
cal
fiel
dworkamongoralsoci
eti
es)

 Col
onialencount
ers(wri
tt
enrecordsavai
labl
e,butshoul
dbecareful
lyanal
ysed
duetotheprej
udi
ceEuropeanauthor
sshowedt owardsAfr
icans)

 Post
col
oni
alencount
ers(wi
llbedi
scussedbel
ow)



ACCORDI
NGTOANTHROPOLOGI
STS>>>>

THEYMAKEDI
STINCTI
ONSBETWEENTWOGROUPSOFAFRI
CANI
NDI
GENOUS
PEOPLESI
NSOUTHERNAFRI
CA

THEYDOTHI
SONTHEBASI
SOF:

 LANGUAGE

 TERRI
TORY

 HI
STORY

THESETWOGROUPSARE:

 SANHUNTER-
GATHERERS

 TRADI
TIONALAFRI
CANFARMERS

,SANHUNTER-
GATHERERS:

 ROCKPAINTI
NGSINDRAKENSBERGSHELTERSASEVI
DENCEOFTHEI
R
TRADI
TIONALRELI
GION

 EARLI
ESTHUMANI
NHABI
TANTSOFSOUTHERNAFRI
CA

 POPULATEDTHEAREASI
NCENEOLI
THI
CTI
MES

 MENWEREHUNTERS

 WOMENWEREGATHERERSOFEDI
BLEPLANTS

 GENDERRELATI
ONSHI
PWASFAI
RLYEQUAL

 LI
VEDINRELATI
VELYSMALL,
EGALI
TARI
ANBANDSTHROUGHOUTSOUTHERN
AFRI
CA

 GENETI
CALLYDI
VERSEANDSPOKEDI
VERSECLI
CKLANGUAGES

 ANTHROLPOLOGI
STSDI
STI
NGUISHBETWEENNORTHERN,SOUTH-EASTERNAND
ANDSOUTHERNSANANDTHESEPEOPLECOULDNOTUNDERSTANDEACH
OTHER’
SLANGUAGESBUTTHEYDIDSHAREFUNAMENTALBELIEFSANDRITUALS.



 NORTHERNSANORKALAHARISANLI
VEDI
NNORTHEASTNAMI
BIAAND
CENTRALBOTSWANA

 SOUTHERNSANORTHE/XAM LI
VEDI
NSEMI
-ARI
DWESTERNCENTRALAREAOF
COMTEMPORARYSOUTHAFRICA

 SOUTH-EASTERNSAN–CREATEDTHEDRAKENSBERGROCKPAI
NTI
NGS WERE
TH
KILLEDI
NLARGENUMBERSI NTHE19 CENTURYDUETOTHEARRI
VALOF
EUROPEANCOLONISTS


BELI
EFS:

 THEYBELI
EVEDINASPIRITREALM BEYONDTHESURFACEOFTHEROCKFACE
WHICHISCLEARFROM THEI
RROCKPAI NTI
NGS

 THEYBELI
EVEDI
NASPI
RITWORLDI
NHABI
TEDBY:

o STRANGERAI
N

o SPI
RITANI
MALS

o HUMANSWI
THELANDORSMALLERANTELOPEHEADS

o CLOVENHOOFS

, o DANGEROUSSPI
RITSOFTHEDEAD

 THEBELIEFSYSTEM WASLI
NKEDTOTHEHUNTTHEPRI MARYMODEOFLI
VING
AMONGTRADI TI
ONALSANHUNTER-GATHERERSBUTSERVEDTOBI
NDTHEM
TOGETHERASAGROUP


PRACTI
CES:
 THETRANCEDANCE

 I
NTHEDRAKENSBERGROCKPAINTI
NGSHUMANSOFTENBENDFORWARD,
THEIRARMSARETHROWNBACKWARDSANDTHEI
RNOSESBLEED.(
INDI
CATES
STATEOFTRANCE)

 TRANCEDANCETOBRI
NGRAI
N




I
NSTI
TUTI
ONSANDVALUES


 NOCHI
EFSORKI
NGS

 BOTHMENANDWOMENCOULDFALLI
NTOATRANCE’

 SHAMANSWHOHELDTHESPI
RITREALM HELDASPECI
ALSTATUS


ORALTRANSMI
SSI
ONSRATHERTHANSACREDSCRI
PTURES


 NOSACREDSCRI
PTUREES

 TRANSMITTEDTHEI
RINDIGENOUSRELI
GIONBYMEANSOFORALSTORI
ES,
SONGS,RITUALDANCESANDROCKPAINTINGS.


HISTORY:
I
NTHEPAST2000YEARSTHEARRIVALOF3GROUPSCHALLENGEDTHECONTINUI
NG
OFTHESANANDPROFOUNDLYINFLUENCEDANDCHANGEDTHEIRCULTUREAND
RELI
GION:

1. KHOI
KHOIHERDERSMI
GRATEDSOUTHWARDI
NTOTHEWESTERNPARTOF
SOUTHERNAFRI
CAANDATTRACTEDSOMEHUNTERGATHERERSSANTOTHEIR
HERDI
NGWAYOFLIFE.THETERM KHOI
SANI
SUSEDFORTHESEASSI
MILATED
GROUPS

2. BANTUSPEAKI
NGFARMERSMI
GRATEDSOUTHWARDANDSETTLEDI
NTHE
NORTHERANDEASTERNCOASTALPARTSOFSOUTHERNAFRI
CA