NUR 2513 Maternal Child Health Terms - 2021 | Exam 3 Terms and Talking Points

NUR 2513 Maternal Child Health Terms - 2021 Exam 3 Terms and Talking Points ● Echocardiogram o A noninvasive ultrasound used to visualize the heart. It provides details on the structure including dimensions, movement, and pressure gradients. It can also be used to estimate blood flow. ▪ There is a high r/o bleeding, so one must lie on that side for quite a while. ● Cardiac catheterization o An invasive procedure involving inserting a catheter through a large vein and artery to get to the heart. It allows for direct measurements of pressure, visualization of structures using a contrast medium, and some corrective procedures. ● CT imaging o Creates many views of an organ (as if in slices). Dense structures appear white while less dense structures appear gray/black. ▪ PET/SPECT: a CT with the use of an iodine-based radio isotopic contrast medium ▪ The machine resembles a large tube. o The child must lie still to avoid creating artifacts (may require sedation) ● Epiglottitis o Patho: Inflammation of the epiglottis (flap that covers the larynx). This is an emergency because the epiglottis cannot open to allow in air. It occurs often from the age of 2 to 8 years old. It can be bacterial or viral (H. influenzae B is a common cause that has been reduced by hib vaccine). o Assessment: It resembles a mild upper respiratory tract infection, but spreads to the epiglottis in 1 to 2 days. The child then experiences a high fever, sore throat, inspiratory stridor, hoarseness, tongue protrudes, and excessive saliva. ▪ Stimulating the gag reflex can cause a complete obstruction, so never attempt to stimulate it, visualize it, or get a direct culture. o Management: Oxygen is used for respiratory distress, IV fluids, antibiotics, and an endotracheal airway may be required to manage. ● Pyelonephritis o An infection of the pelvis of the kidney. It is usually d/t E. coli from a UTI. o The client will have CVA tenderness, fever, flank pain, and symptoms of a UTI o It is treated with antibiotics ● Hydrocele o A collection of fluid within the processus vaginalis of the scrotum. This can be seen in utero with an ultrasound, and it causes the scrotum of the newborn to be enlarged. An uncomplicated hydrocele will go away on its own (fluid is reabsorbed). o They can also occur d/t an inguinal hernia, and they go away when the hernia is repaired. o A drug injection can be used to decrease fluid production in older adults ● Epispadias o A defect in the dorsal wall of the urethra resulting in the meatus being located on the top side of the penis. This can result in UTIs because some urine becomes trapped (incomplete incontinence). It can also interfere with fertility in the future. o A meatotomy can be done to extend the urethra to its normal position. Surgical repair may be delayed util age 3 to 4 if extensive and a testosterone cream may be needed to encourage growth. o A urinary catheter will be in place for 3 to 7 days and causes painful bladder spasm (acetaminophen and oxybutynin for pain relief) ● Cord Prolapse o Can occur anytime the membranes rupture if the fetus is not firmly fitted into the cervix. The risk is increase with presentation other than cephalic, placenta previa, intrauterine tumors, small fetus, polyhydramnios, multiple gestation ▪ The pressure of the baby’s head can completely occlude blood flow o Assessment: cord is felt or visualized as presenting and the FHR has variable or late decelerations. o Manage: put pressure on the presenting part of the fetus to relieve pressure on the cord. This requires an emergency c-section ▪ Also, one can use the knee chest position, Trendelenburg position, oxygen, tocolytics, and amnioinfusion - - -