BIO 132/ BIO132 Perio Final exam (answered) Fall 2022.

BIO 132 Perio Final exam. What is the most important risk factor for Periodontal disease? What are some systemic conditions as risk factors for periodontal disease? Anticonvulsant medication ; Anticonvulsant or Phenytoin (Dilantin) side effect antianxiety medication Anti anxiety or Alprazolam (Xanax) side effect Antihypertensive medication Antihypertensive or Enalapril (Vasotec) side effect Calcium blocker medication Calcium blocker or Nifedipine (Procardia) side effect Immunosuppressive medication Immunosuppressive or cyclosporine (Sandimmune) side effect How would you describe the relationship between periodontal disease and systemic disease? What is diabetes mellitus? Are subgingival microbiota different in diabetic patients vs. nondiabetic patients? Are well controlled diabetic patients more susceptible to periodontal disease? Oral complications from poorly controlled diabetes mellitus -multiple episode of abscess formation leading to rapid destruction of periodontal tissues -Cheilosis -burning mouth tongue What does a reduced salivary flow encourage the growth of? Effects of uncontrolled/poorly controlled diabetes on the periodontium -imbalanced bone destruction and repair -the role of RAGE How does an altered inflammatory response to infection affect the periodontium? Causes an elevated inflammatory response to bacteria locally and systemically. This makes a defective neutrophilic function and hyper responsive monocytes/macrophages: elevated proinflammatory mediators How does the role of RAGE (Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Product) affect the periodontium ; Increased RAGE expression is seen in gingival tissues of diabetic patients with periodontitis. Glycation glucose in blood stream attach irreversibly to protein and or lipids (AGE) AGE stands for AGE is a in homeostasis, AGE presents at What happens when AGE has direct interaction with a cell surface receptor (RAGE)? acute stress response chronic stress What is the regulatory mechanism mediated by? Where is cortisol made? What type of properties does cortisol have? What response would increase the cortisol level? manifestations of chronic stress Why is stress a risk factor for periodontal disease? When dealing with a patient who is stressed... Hormonal fluctuation during puberty causes What causes increased gingival inflammation? pubertal gingivitis occurs _________ in boys and girls Things to remember as a dental hygienist when dealing with a patient who has hormonal fluctuation during puberty -routine periodontal examination -adjust frequency of periodontal care for the patient according to self-care What is the impact of hormonal fluctuation in pregnancy on the periodontium? -under the influence of increased sex hormone existing gingival inflammation is exaggerated -increased level of estrogen alters the microbial profile of subgingival plaque pregnancy gingitivis what occurs during pregnancy gingivitis? Pyogenic granuloma menopause is characterized by estrogen menopausal gingivostomatitis lack of estrogen may... osteoporosis osteopenia Studies show a ___________ association between osteoporosis and periodontal destruction medication related osteonecrosis of the jaw metabolic syndrome metabolic syndrome has a greater prevalence in which group of people? How does metabolic syndrome influence periodontitis? Why does hypertension associated with metabolic syndrome exacerbate periodontitis? metabolic syndrome patients need... you should provide ___________ for a patient with metabolic syndrome HIV/AIDS effect on periodontal disease -oral manifestations: hairy leukoplakia, candidiasis, herpes labialis, recurrent intraoral herpes simplex, herpes zoster, recurrent aphthous ulcers, Kaposi sarcoma -gingival recession and alveolar bone loss -linear gingival erythema, necrotizing periodontal disease, and periodontitis linear gingival linear gingival erythema has association with Is it safe to perform treatment on a HIV patient? Neutropenia ; -bone marrow failure and or accelerated destruction of PMNs leads to neutropenia Neutropenia may be... Neutropenia may be associated with... oral findings on patients with neutropenia What can periodontal infections cause? What is something you should use on a patient with neutropenia? How many chromosomes does a patient with down syndrome have? What do patients with Down Syndrome have 3 copies of? Why do patients with down syndrome struggle with regeneration of periodontal tissues? Leukemia ; -can affect children and adults, more common in boys and men Leukemia types Chemotherapy causes... leukemia associated gingivitis gingival enlargement is common for patients with leukemia. It starts interdental and then spread to marginal and attached gingiva. oral complications due to leukemia therapy Medications that contain sugar... What can the alteration of plaque biofilm pH cause? drugs associated with gingival enlargement What drug has the highest prevalence of drug induced gingival enlargement? what do you use in an inadvertent gingivectomy? what do you use when slicing the interdental papillae? What is the purpose of placing a retraction cord? When do you place a retraction cord?