Final exam information: pathology

Final exam information: The exam will be worth 200 points. There are 100 questions on the exam making each test worth 2 pts each. I have taken 75 total questions from Modules 7, 8, 9, 10. I have taken 25 total questions from Modules 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Concept Guide ● Remember how to prioritize assessment-ABC Airway - Breathing - Circulation ● What leads to hypertension? What are risk factors? : genetic predisposition, lifestyle, or secondary to disease process. Interrelated with atherosclerosis ● Assessment, etiology, pathophysiology, for left-sided HF and right-sided HF ● Reperfusion cardiac therapy: how to reopen blood vessels insuring pt is getting blood flow to cardiac tissue; focus on pts having acute MI, angioplasty & stints ● Pathophysiology and etiology of DVT: (deep vein thrombosis) Acute venous obstruction, ● Types of neck injuries, and how they happen: ex diving into a shallow pool causes what: (image question) ○ Hyperflexion: (most unstable) Flexion injury of the cervical spine ruptures the posterior ligaments (whiplash) ○ Hyperextension: (most common) injury of the cervical spine ruptures the anterior ligaments (falling down stairs) ○ Compression: Compression fractures crush the vertebrae and force bony fragments into the spinal canal (diving into a pool) ○ ● Signs and symptoms of bacterial meningitis: Sudden high fever, stiff neck, headache, nausea, vomit, confusion, difficulty concentrating, seizure, sleepiness, difficulty waking, sensitivity to light, no appetite or thirst, skin rash. (maybe a bulge in fontanel or stiffness in a newborn as well) progressive, pt may deteriorate quickly ● Labs included in CBC: RBC’s, WBC’s, Platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit ● How does the regulation of the ventilator status of the body occur?: think about the centers of the brain that are going to help us identify in the body how we are going to breathe. What are the steps in the body taking a breath. What part of brain? What receptors? Not specific receptors brain stem, medula, ponds, The medulla oblongata is the primary respiratory control center. Its main function is to send signals to the muscles that control respiration to cause breathing to occur. There are two regions in the medulla that control respiration: The ventral respiratory group stimulates expiratory movements. ● Clinical manifestations in bronchitis: Bronchitis is inflammation of the trachea and bronchi ● Define DIC: (Disseminated intravascular coagulation) DIC is an acquired hemorrhagic syndrome in which both clotting and bleeding occur simultaneously ● Assessment of ACS: (acute coronary syndrome) low blood flow to he heart, measuring hearts electrical activity (ECG) , blood tests, echocardiogram, stress test ● What happens in polycythemia vera occur? What are the assessment points.: CBC, overproduction of normal red cells, white cells, and platelets, hypertension, Symptoms include headache, backache, weakness, fatigue on exertion, pruritus, dizziness, sweating, visual disturbances, weight loss, paresthesias, dyspnea, joint complaints, and epigastric distress and pressure. Common clinical manifestations include hypertension, thrombosis, and mucosal hemorrhage attributable to engorgement of retinal and sublingual veins, but each phase of the disease presents somewhat differently