Luke’s Unit 1 WJEC AS-
Level Biology Notes
Unit 1.2.
Cell Structure and Organisation
Contents:
(a) The Structure and Function of Organelles
(b) The Structure of Prokaryotic Cells and Viruses
(c) Cell Theory and the Similarities and Differences in the Cell
Structures of Eukaryotes, Prokaryotes, and Viruses
(d) The Levels of Organisation
,WJEC AS-Level Biology Unit 1.2: Cell
Structure and Organisation
(a) The Structure and Function of Organelles
The cells found in plants and animals are eukaryotic cells
→ Eukaryotic cells are membrane bound structures that contain membrane
bound organelles and a membrane bound nucleus!
Plant and animal cells share many organelles and structures, but plant cells do have
several additional organelles and structures that are important for their stability and
function!
This image is of a typical animal cell!
1
,WJEC AS-Level Biology Unit 1.2: Cell
Structure and Organisation
This image is of a typical plant cell!
2
, WJEC AS-Level Biology Unit 1.2:
Cell Structure and Organisation
Organelle Structure Function Image
Nucleus The nucleus is a region of Nucleus contains DNA which codes
the cell that is bound by a for or controls protein synthesis via.
double membrane called the production of mRNA templates; DNA
nuclear envelope which replication also occurs here
contains nuclear pores; The nuclear envelope separates the
within the nucleus are contents of the nucleus from the
chromatin and a contents of the cytoplasm
nucleolus Nuclear pores allow the transport of
mRNA and ribosomes out of the
nucleus and selected molecules to
enter
Chromatin condenses before cell
division to form chromosomes
The nucleolus produces rRNA, tRNA,
and ribosomes
Rough A series of flattened sacs Packaging and storing proteins
endoplasmic enclosed by a membrane Produces transport vesicles that
reticulum with ribosomes on the merge to form the Golgi body
surface
Smooth A system of membrane Produces and processes lipids
endoplasmic bound sacs WITHOUT
reticulum ribosomes on the surface
Golgi A series of fluid filled, Packaging proteins for secretion
body/apparatus flattened and curved sacs from the cell
with vesicles surrounding Modification of proteins
the edges Producing lysosomes & digestive
enzymes by producing their tertiary
structures
3
Level Biology Notes
Unit 1.2.
Cell Structure and Organisation
Contents:
(a) The Structure and Function of Organelles
(b) The Structure of Prokaryotic Cells and Viruses
(c) Cell Theory and the Similarities and Differences in the Cell
Structures of Eukaryotes, Prokaryotes, and Viruses
(d) The Levels of Organisation
,WJEC AS-Level Biology Unit 1.2: Cell
Structure and Organisation
(a) The Structure and Function of Organelles
The cells found in plants and animals are eukaryotic cells
→ Eukaryotic cells are membrane bound structures that contain membrane
bound organelles and a membrane bound nucleus!
Plant and animal cells share many organelles and structures, but plant cells do have
several additional organelles and structures that are important for their stability and
function!
This image is of a typical animal cell!
1
,WJEC AS-Level Biology Unit 1.2: Cell
Structure and Organisation
This image is of a typical plant cell!
2
, WJEC AS-Level Biology Unit 1.2:
Cell Structure and Organisation
Organelle Structure Function Image
Nucleus The nucleus is a region of Nucleus contains DNA which codes
the cell that is bound by a for or controls protein synthesis via.
double membrane called the production of mRNA templates; DNA
nuclear envelope which replication also occurs here
contains nuclear pores; The nuclear envelope separates the
within the nucleus are contents of the nucleus from the
chromatin and a contents of the cytoplasm
nucleolus Nuclear pores allow the transport of
mRNA and ribosomes out of the
nucleus and selected molecules to
enter
Chromatin condenses before cell
division to form chromosomes
The nucleolus produces rRNA, tRNA,
and ribosomes
Rough A series of flattened sacs Packaging and storing proteins
endoplasmic enclosed by a membrane Produces transport vesicles that
reticulum with ribosomes on the merge to form the Golgi body
surface
Smooth A system of membrane Produces and processes lipids
endoplasmic bound sacs WITHOUT
reticulum ribosomes on the surface
Golgi A series of fluid filled, Packaging proteins for secretion
body/apparatus flattened and curved sacs from the cell
with vesicles surrounding Modification of proteins
the edges Producing lysosomes & digestive
enzymes by producing their tertiary
structures
3
