STUDY GUIDE IB Chemistry Topic 10 Organic Chemistry SL HL

Standard Level: Methane, Ethane, Propane, Butane, Pentane, Hexane Group Functional Naming Structure Alkane alkyl -ane Alkene alkenyl -ene Alkyne alkynyl -yne Halogenoalkane flouro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo- flouro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodoAlcohol hydroxyl -ol Ether ether -oxy- R – O – R Aldehyde aldehyde -al Ketone carbonyl -one R – C=O – R Ester ester -oate R – C=O – OR Carboxylic acid carboxyl -oic acid Amine amino -amine R – NH2 Amide carboxamide -amide R – C=O – NH2 Nitrile cyano -nitrile R – C≡N Arene phenyl (none) Mechanism 1: Reaction 1: Combustion reactions add O2 and produce H2O + CO2 if complete, CO if incomplete Reaction 2: same but different conditions for HCl, H2O (+conc H2SO4) or Br2 Reaction 3: K2Cr2O7 orange to green 1° alcohol  aldehyde  carboxylic acid 2° alcohol  ketone 3° alcohol  (nr) Reaction 4: carboxylic acid + alcohol ⇌ ester + water Reaction 5: halogenoalkane + OH-  alcohol + XReaction 6: electrophiles include NO2+ and even Cl2 gib