Eukaryotic cells: DNA is in the nucleus, organelles, diverse is shape and function (stem cell)
Prokaryotic cells: DNA floats around
Making proteins: Transcription: Messenger RNA -> Translation: Polypeptides
Central Dogma of Molucalar Biology: Protein cannot service as a template but DNA and RNA
can, DNA and RNA can replicate themselves.
Gene: segment of DNA containing information to make a product (protein or RNA)
Gene expression: RNA transcription + RNA processing + RNA translation + protein
degradation
-RNA transcription: synthesis RNA
Initiation:
Elongation: synthesize mRNA
Termination: end mRNA
Regulatory sequencing: place for
->mRNA
Transcription factors: Proteins that bind to promotor, right place and time
Transcription start site (TSS): After promotor RNA transcription starts
Protein coding RNA and non-coding RNA: ribosomes, spliceosome
(bacterial mRNA can be polycistronic: multiple proteins synthesized in mRNA, then gets
chopped up)
-RNA processing: splicing, degradation
Transcription in bacteria
Promotor rumbering system: promoter is negative bases from start
Promoter sequence: TTGACA + TATA-box
Prinbow: -10 sequence
T-A rich, binds polymerase and TTGACA transcription factors bind)
Initiation
RNA polymerase holoenzyme: recognizes promotor region by repeatedly scanning -35 -10
region, also has 6 subunits
Core enzyme: five subunits (2α, 2β, ω)
Sigma factor: sigma releases when initiation is done
Specificity sigma factor: different sigma factors for different promoters
Prokaryotic cells: DNA floats around
Making proteins: Transcription: Messenger RNA -> Translation: Polypeptides
Central Dogma of Molucalar Biology: Protein cannot service as a template but DNA and RNA
can, DNA and RNA can replicate themselves.
Gene: segment of DNA containing information to make a product (protein or RNA)
Gene expression: RNA transcription + RNA processing + RNA translation + protein
degradation
-RNA transcription: synthesis RNA
Initiation:
Elongation: synthesize mRNA
Termination: end mRNA
Regulatory sequencing: place for
->mRNA
Transcription factors: Proteins that bind to promotor, right place and time
Transcription start site (TSS): After promotor RNA transcription starts
Protein coding RNA and non-coding RNA: ribosomes, spliceosome
(bacterial mRNA can be polycistronic: multiple proteins synthesized in mRNA, then gets
chopped up)
-RNA processing: splicing, degradation
Transcription in bacteria
Promotor rumbering system: promoter is negative bases from start
Promoter sequence: TTGACA + TATA-box
Prinbow: -10 sequence
T-A rich, binds polymerase and TTGACA transcription factors bind)
Initiation
RNA polymerase holoenzyme: recognizes promotor region by repeatedly scanning -35 -10
region, also has 6 subunits
Core enzyme: five subunits (2α, 2β, ω)
Sigma factor: sigma releases when initiation is done
Specificity sigma factor: different sigma factors for different promoters
