Leren en werken in teams
Leren en werken in teams
Leren en werken in teams ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
1 Fundamenten groepsdynamica .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Groepen .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3
Soorten groepen ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3
Functies van groepen ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
Diversiteit van groepen ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
1.2 Groepsdynamica ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Aandachtsvelden (Schein)........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
Groepsdynamiek in organisaties ............................................................................................................................................................................................................5
Focus op groepsprocessen......................................................................................................................................................................................................................5
Theorieën rond groepsontwikkeling ......................................................................................................................................................................................................6
1.3 Cohesie – ‘lijm’ van groepen................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
Bronnen van cohesie ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Gevolgen van cohesie ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
Groepsverzet ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
“Dark side” van groepen...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................8
1.4 Teams .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................8
Soorten teams .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................8
Interdependentie.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................9
Teameffectiviteit .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................9
Teamprocessen ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Teamconflict.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................11
Team ‘emergent states’ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................11
Teamleren .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................11
2 Teamleren ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
2.1 Teamleerprocessen ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................14
3 Teamcognitie ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 15
3.1 Team Mental Model ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
3.2 Transactive Memory System ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 15
4 Formele en informele connecties: teams en netwerken ................................................................................................................................................................................. 16
Sociale interacties in organisaties als sociaal kapitaal ................................................................................................................................................................ 16
Formele organisatiestructuur & informele sociale structuur .....................................................................................................................................................17
Team/groep sociaal kapitaal ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 18
5 Virtuele en hybride teams ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 19
5.1 Virtuele teams en virtualiteit ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 19
Virtueel teamwerk .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Astrid De Brabandere
1
, Leren en werken in teams
Hybride ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 19
5.2 Virtual teams: Process theory .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
5.3 Impact van virtualiteit is team-afhankelijk............................................................................................................................................................................................. 20
5.4 Virtualiteit en teamleren......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................21
5.5 COVID: van FtF naar virtueel ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 22
6 Teams “out-of-the-box” ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
6.1 Multi-team systems............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 23
6.2 Teams vs. teaming ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
6.3 COVID-teamwork ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 25
Basisprincipe = ervaringsleren
➔ Bewust worden van eigen ervaringskennis
➔ ontwikkeld in specifieke contexten, is mee bepalend voor verwachtingen & gedrag in nieuwe groepen
➔ Verder verfijnen & aftoetsen aan wetenschappelijk-theoretische kaders
➔ Leren OVER, VAN, en IN groepen
Astrid De Brabandere
2
, Leren en werken in teams
1 Fundamenten groepsdynamica
1.1 Groepen
Groepsdynamica Vorming van een groep, werking tussen groepsleden
Interpersoonlijke processen die optreden in en tussen groepen, doorheen de tijd
Groep Two or more individuals who are connected by and within social relationships
➔ Verschillende soorten sociale relaties: familiebanden, taakgerelateerd, vriendschap, interesses,…
➔ Belongingness hypothesis: mensen hebben natuurlijke behoefte om zich aan te sluiten bij anderen
Kleine groepen Taak- of werkgroepen
- Interactie (face-to-face, virtueel…) Externe taak = gezamenlijke opdracht/product
- Interdependentie = groepsleden zijn wederzijds afhankelijk van elkaar. Hun Interne taak = wat binnen team gebeurd
uitkomsten, gedrag, ervaringen worden gedeeltelijk bepaald door anderen in de In bredere organisatiecontext
groep
Soorten groepen
Primaire groepen Sociale (secundaire) groepen Collectieven Categorieën
Familie, hechte vrienden… Team, studiegroepen, crew… Publiek, wachtrij, menigte… Vrouwen, etnische groepen
= identificatie
Termen:
- Professional (Learning) Communities: bv. Schoolcontext
- Mentorship
- Coaches
Social networks Communities of practice
= set of interpersonally interconnected individuals or groups = Groep mensen met een gedeelde belangstelling, problemen, of passie rond een
- Spontane interactiepatronen topic. De focus ligt op van elkaar leren en hun kennis rond dit topic verdiepen
- mensen zoeken elkaar op via verschillende kanalen, door met elkaar in interactie te gaan.
- met verschillende redenen (persoonlijk, emotioneel, werk - Shared domain of interest – gedeeld interessedomein
gerelateerd) - Community: gedeelde activiteiten, delen informatie, elkaar kunnen leren
FOCUS = relaties - Practice: gedeelde praktijk, “shared repertoire”, ervaringen, kennis, tools,…
FOCUS = leren
Teams
- Two are more individuals
- socially interact (face-to-face or, increasingly, virtually)
- one or more common goals
- organizationally relevant tasks
- interdependencies with respect to workflow, goals, and outcomes
- different roles and responsibilities
- encompassing organizational system, with boundaries and linkages to the
broader system context and task environment.
FOCUS = taak
Astrid De Brabandere
3
Leren en werken in teams
Leren en werken in teams ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
1 Fundamenten groepsdynamica .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Groepen .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3
Soorten groepen ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3
Functies van groepen ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
Diversiteit van groepen ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
1.2 Groepsdynamica ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Aandachtsvelden (Schein)........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
Groepsdynamiek in organisaties ............................................................................................................................................................................................................5
Focus op groepsprocessen......................................................................................................................................................................................................................5
Theorieën rond groepsontwikkeling ......................................................................................................................................................................................................6
1.3 Cohesie – ‘lijm’ van groepen................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
Bronnen van cohesie ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Gevolgen van cohesie ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
Groepsverzet ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
“Dark side” van groepen...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................8
1.4 Teams .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................8
Soorten teams .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................8
Interdependentie.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................9
Teameffectiviteit .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................9
Teamprocessen ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Teamconflict.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................11
Team ‘emergent states’ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................11
Teamleren .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................11
2 Teamleren ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
2.1 Teamleerprocessen ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................14
3 Teamcognitie ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 15
3.1 Team Mental Model ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
3.2 Transactive Memory System ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 15
4 Formele en informele connecties: teams en netwerken ................................................................................................................................................................................. 16
Sociale interacties in organisaties als sociaal kapitaal ................................................................................................................................................................ 16
Formele organisatiestructuur & informele sociale structuur .....................................................................................................................................................17
Team/groep sociaal kapitaal ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 18
5 Virtuele en hybride teams ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 19
5.1 Virtuele teams en virtualiteit ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 19
Virtueel teamwerk .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
Astrid De Brabandere
1
, Leren en werken in teams
Hybride ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 19
5.2 Virtual teams: Process theory .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
5.3 Impact van virtualiteit is team-afhankelijk............................................................................................................................................................................................. 20
5.4 Virtualiteit en teamleren......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................21
5.5 COVID: van FtF naar virtueel ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 22
6 Teams “out-of-the-box” ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 23
6.1 Multi-team systems............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 23
6.2 Teams vs. teaming ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
6.3 COVID-teamwork ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 25
Basisprincipe = ervaringsleren
➔ Bewust worden van eigen ervaringskennis
➔ ontwikkeld in specifieke contexten, is mee bepalend voor verwachtingen & gedrag in nieuwe groepen
➔ Verder verfijnen & aftoetsen aan wetenschappelijk-theoretische kaders
➔ Leren OVER, VAN, en IN groepen
Astrid De Brabandere
2
, Leren en werken in teams
1 Fundamenten groepsdynamica
1.1 Groepen
Groepsdynamica Vorming van een groep, werking tussen groepsleden
Interpersoonlijke processen die optreden in en tussen groepen, doorheen de tijd
Groep Two or more individuals who are connected by and within social relationships
➔ Verschillende soorten sociale relaties: familiebanden, taakgerelateerd, vriendschap, interesses,…
➔ Belongingness hypothesis: mensen hebben natuurlijke behoefte om zich aan te sluiten bij anderen
Kleine groepen Taak- of werkgroepen
- Interactie (face-to-face, virtueel…) Externe taak = gezamenlijke opdracht/product
- Interdependentie = groepsleden zijn wederzijds afhankelijk van elkaar. Hun Interne taak = wat binnen team gebeurd
uitkomsten, gedrag, ervaringen worden gedeeltelijk bepaald door anderen in de In bredere organisatiecontext
groep
Soorten groepen
Primaire groepen Sociale (secundaire) groepen Collectieven Categorieën
Familie, hechte vrienden… Team, studiegroepen, crew… Publiek, wachtrij, menigte… Vrouwen, etnische groepen
= identificatie
Termen:
- Professional (Learning) Communities: bv. Schoolcontext
- Mentorship
- Coaches
Social networks Communities of practice
= set of interpersonally interconnected individuals or groups = Groep mensen met een gedeelde belangstelling, problemen, of passie rond een
- Spontane interactiepatronen topic. De focus ligt op van elkaar leren en hun kennis rond dit topic verdiepen
- mensen zoeken elkaar op via verschillende kanalen, door met elkaar in interactie te gaan.
- met verschillende redenen (persoonlijk, emotioneel, werk - Shared domain of interest – gedeeld interessedomein
gerelateerd) - Community: gedeelde activiteiten, delen informatie, elkaar kunnen leren
FOCUS = relaties - Practice: gedeelde praktijk, “shared repertoire”, ervaringen, kennis, tools,…
FOCUS = leren
Teams
- Two are more individuals
- socially interact (face-to-face or, increasingly, virtually)
- one or more common goals
- organizationally relevant tasks
- interdependencies with respect to workflow, goals, and outcomes
- different roles and responsibilities
- encompassing organizational system, with boundaries and linkages to the
broader system context and task environment.
FOCUS = taak
Astrid De Brabandere
3
