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Samenvatting Biogenie 6.1 thema biotechnologie = inclusief afbeeldingen

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Samenvatting zesde middelbaar ASO marisstella inclusief duidelijke illustraties

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THEMA 13 BIOTHECHNOLOGIE
Drie domeinen: Genomics (genoomstudie # C), Transcriptomics (DNA  mRNA) en Proteonics (eiwitten, eiwitsynthese)

WAT IS BIOTECHNOLOGIE?
= knutselen met genen, knippen en plakken gen. materiaal om doelgericht bepaalde kenmerken te veranderen

KLASSIEKE:

Gen. materiaal individu niet aanpassen

Doel:

1. selectief kruisen om bepaalde kenmerken te verkrijgen(dieren)
2. Gebruik van micro-organismen in voeding (bier, brood, wijn, kaas, yoghurt, …

Beperkingen

1. Duurt te lang(generaties)
2. Ook ongewenste kenmerken
3. Soort barrière(#C is verschillend bij elke soort  enkel met zelfde # C kruisen)

MODERNE:

Gen. materiaal aanpassen (rechtstreeks inwerken)  gen. gemanipuleerde/gemodificeerde organismen ggo’s

Voordeel

1. Soortbarrière kan doorbroken worden
2. Sneller
3. Steeds de gewenste eigenschap

Vb: gen. virus in gen materiaal inbrengen via vaccin( mRNA)  enkel gewenste eigenschappen nemen  m RNA voor
aanmaak spikes in vaccin

, NATUURLIJKE GENOVERDRACHT
=genen van het ene naar het andere organismen overbrengen (Bacteriën en virussen=automatisch)

GENOVERDRACHT VAN BACTERIE NAAR PLANT


GENETISCH MATERIAAL BIJ BACTERIËN
Genenoverdracht in natuur bij prokaryoten cellen

Bouw DNA bacterie :

1. Dubbelstrengig DNA moleculen opgewonden in
kluwen  draagt gen die coderen levensbelangrijke
processen(vitale eiwitten) celademhaling en deling
2. Dubbelstrengig ringvormig DNA moleculen:
plasmiden

Kenmerken plasmide :

1. Bacterie 1 grote of aantal kleine plasmiden dragers Rgenen (restrictiegenen)
 Coderen voor enzym die bepaalde antibiotica of ontsmettingsmiddelen kan afbreken
o + kan zo overleven
o – antibioticaresistente (bacterie die instaat afbraak antibiotica mens blijft ziek)

LEVENSCYCLUS VAN DE AGROBACTERIE
Agrobacterium tumefaciens  prokaryoten hun plasmiden overdragen naar eukaryoten

 veroorzaken tumoren/wortelknolletjes bij tabaksplant door Ti-plasmide

 eerste organisme ‘genetic engineering’




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