HESI – Pediatrics Review

Growth and Development Description: Growth and development follow an orderly yet individual pattern. Nurses should assess growth and the emergence of developmental skills in all pediatric clients. Knowledge of cognitive abilities allows a nurse to adapt teaching to the level of the child. Knowledge of appropriate toys and interests of children at different ages enables the nurse to use play to facilitate the child's development and minimize problems caused by the hospitalization. I. Infant (Birth to 1 Year) A. Developmental milestones 1. Birth weight doubles by 6 months, triples by 12 months. 2. Birth length increases by 50 at 12 months. 3. Posterior fontanel closes by 8 weeks. 4. Social smile occurs at 2 months. 5. Head turns to locate sounds at 3 months. 6. Moro reflex disappears around 4 months. 7. Steady head control is achieved at 4 months. 8. Rolls from abdomen to back and back to abdomen at 5 to 6 months. 9. Plays peek–a–boo after 6 months. 10. Transfers objects from hand to hand at 7 months. 11. Develops stranger anxiety at 7 to 9 months. 12. Sits unsupported at 8 months. 13. Crawls at 10 months. 14. Fine pincer grasp appears at 10 to 12 months. 15. Waves bye-bye at 10 months. 16. Walks with assistance at 10 to 12 months. 17. Says a few words in addition to "mama" or "dada" at 12 months. 18. Explores environment by motor and oral means. B. Erickson's theory: Developing a sense of trust (trust versus mistrust)