BIOD 151 module 2 review

1. What are the three main functions of the respiratory system (anatomical organization)? The anatomical organization of the respiratory system allows the respiratory system to perform three main functions: 1) Air conduction, 2) Air filtration, and 3) Exchange of Gases (also called respiration) 2. What are the three parts of the pharynx? (Review figure to label locations) Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, laryngopharynx 3. Identify the hard palate vs. the soft palate The hard palate and soft palate separate the nasal cavities from the mouth. The hard palate is the roof of the mouth. The soft palate is posterior to the hard palate and elevates and retracts during swallowing to close off the nasal cavity so no food or liquid can enter. 4. True or false: the rings that cover the trachea are a complete circle. False. The cartilaginous rings that cover the trachea are c-shaped and do not meet completely on the posterior side of the trachea. 5. Label the following figures: 6. What important steps need to happen during the swallowing process to prevent aspiration? 1- The larynx rises 2- the trachea is closed by the epiglottis. The epiglottis moves inferiorly, covering the trachea (to prevent food or liquid from entering the lungs). 7. Why does the soft palate elevate during swallowing? The upward movement of the soft palate prevents food or liquid from entering the nasal passages during swallowing. 8. What is the glottis? An opening in the larynx where the vocal cords (vocal folds) are located. 9. What is aspiration? Food or liquid that accidentally enters the trachea (then lungs) 10. True or False? The left lung has three lobes. False. The left lung has two lobes (superior and inferior). The right lung has three lobes (superior, middle, and inferior). 11. Name two functions of the pleura. Facilitates movement of lungs with body wall. Enclose the lungs/pleural cavity. The pleura reduces friction while breathing and provide a negative pressure environment for lung inflation. 12. Be familiar with the labeling of the respiratory system diagrams. Know the upper respiratory diagram well and the diagram of the alveoli. In the lower respiratory system, know the location and names of the 5 lobes of the lungs. **Study upper respiratory diagram, alveoli diagram, lower respiratory diagram, and gross anatomy of the lungs