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Microbiologie samenvatting deel bacteriologie

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samenvatting onderdeel bacteriologie vak : microbiologie

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3 Bacteriologie
3.1 Algemene kenmerken

 Lagere protista
 Ééncellig; afmeting (0,3-3 μm)
 Prokaryoot
o Geen mitochondriën
o Geen celkern & celmembraan
o Chromosoom: Ds circulair gewonden DNA in cytoplasma
o 70s-ribosomen (30s+50s)
 Alomtegenwoordig: kolonisatie van iedere plaats ter wereld
 Stugge celwand: vorm, gram+ & gram –
 Evolutie: aanpassing aan omstandigheden (mutaties, nieuwe genen, …)
 Soms gastheer nodig: voedingsstoffen
o Commensalisme (E. coli)
o Parasitisme (Salmonella typhimurium)
o <-> saprofitisme (dood organisch materiaal is hier de voedingsstof)



 Strijd tegen afweermechanismen en antibiotica

3.2 Verschillende indeling

 Eubacteriae <-> archaebacteriae
 Opbouw celwand
 Morfologie
 O2-gebruik
 Biochemische eigenschappen

3.2.1 Eubacteriae VS Archaebacteriae


 Eubacteriae
o Peptidoglycaan (mureine)
o Muraminezuur
 Archaebacteriae
o Pseudomureine
o Geen muraminezuur
o Bestand tegen extreme omstandigheden
 Temp: heetwaterbronnen
 Zoutmeren

, 3.2.2 Prokaryoten (VS Eukaryoten)


 Niet gecompartimentaliseerd
 Celmembranen zonder sterolen (vb: cholesterol)
 Circulair chromosoom
 70s ribosomen

Vergelijking bacteriën en virussen

 Virussen
o Obilgate intracellulaire parasieten
o Geen ribosomen
o DNA of RNA, niet beide
o Zichtbaar via EM
o 10-100den genen
 Bacteriën
o Meestal vrij levend, maar kunnen ook parasiteren
o Ribosomen
o DNA en RNA
o Zichtbaar via LM
o 100-1000den genen

3.3 Waarom is bacteriologie belangrijk?

 Nosocomiale infecties
 Infecties buiten het zidkenhuis
o Meningitis
o Voedselinfecties
o …
 Plantinfecties
 Zuivelindustrie
 Probiotica, prébiotica
 Productie van peptiden en eiwitten
 Digestie in het intestinaal stelsel
 Olieverlies afbraak, waterzuivering
 Gebruik in fundamenteel onderzoek

3.3.1 Labdiagnostiek
3.3.1.1 Het routine diagnostisch lab
 identificatie pathogeen

 Microscopie (uitstrijkje + gram-kleuring; nat preparaat)
o Rechtstreeks op het staal (vers onderzoek)
o Kolonie (reincultuur) na kweek
 Kweek op voedingsbodem , biochemische identificatie

Antibiogram, immuno-assays, PCR, Kweek MALDI-TOF

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