Understanding Pathophysiology 7th Edition Test Bank questions and answers GRADED A+

• A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DNA with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student? o A single circular chromosome o A nucleus o Free-floating nuclear material o No organelles • ANS: B • The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. • A single circular chromosome is characteristic of prokaryotic cells, which do not have histones. • Free-floating nuclear material describes a prokaryotic cell, which would not have a distinct nucleus. • Eukaryotic cells have membrane bounded cellular components called organelles. No organelles describes a prokaryotic cell. • A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy? o Metabolic absorption o Communication o Secretion o Respiration • ANS: D • The ability of the cell to absorb oxygen refers to the cells function of respiration. • The ability of the cell to function within a society of cells refers to its function of communication. • The ability of the cell to take in nutrients refers to the cells function of metabolic absorption. • The ability of the cell to synthesize new substances and secrete these elsewhere refers to the cells function of secretion. • A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic information be contained? o Mitochondria o Ribosome o Nucleolus o Nucleus • ANS: C • The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus. • The mitochondria is the site of cellular respiration. • The ribosomes are involved in manufacturing of proteins within the cell. • The nucleus contains the nucleolus, and it is the nucleolus that contains genetic material. • The fluid mosaic model for biologic membranes describes membrane behavior. According to this model, which of the following float singly or as aggregates in the fluid lipid bilayer? o Peripheral membrane proteins o Integral membrane proteins o Glycoproteins o Cell adhesion molecules • ANS: B • Integral membrane proteins float freely in the fluid lipid bilayer. • Peripheral membrane proteins are not embedded in the layer, but reside at the surface. Glycoproteins act as cell surface markers. • Cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane and allow cells to hook together. • Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors? o Oxygen o Ribosomes o Amphipathic lipids o Ligands • ANS: D • Ligands are specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane. Oxygen moves by diffusion; it does not bind to receptors. • Ribosomes make proteins and are not involved in binding. Amphipathic lipids are a portion of the cell membrane. • A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What finding would support the diagnosis of metastatic cancer? Alterations in extracellular matrix that include: o Decreased fibronectin o Increased collagen o Decreased elastin o Increased glycoproteins • ANS: A • Reduced amounts of fibronectin are found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing cancer cells to travel, or metastasize. • Collagen provides strength, and its breakdown is associated with osteoarthritis, not cancer. • Elastin is found in the lungs and allows tissues to stretch; it is not associated with cancerous cells. • Decreased, not increased, glycoproteins are associated with cancerous cells. • Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact? o Cell junction o Gap junction o Desmosomes o Tight junctions • ANS: A