Principles of Human Biology BIOL 102: Chapter 13-14 / Question And Answer With Rationale

BIOL102: Chapter 13-14 Assignment A person dreams during . a. reticular sleep b. slow wave sleep c. conscious sleep d. REM sleep e. stages of near arousal Autonomic nerves serve . a. sensory receptors b. afferent nerves c. the somatic system d. skeletal muscles e. glands An action potential in a neuron occurs . a. on sensory neurons when a high voltage is reached b. on motor neurons when a low voltage is reached c. only when a certain threshold of voltage is reached d. on any neuron regardless of voltage e. after sodium gates close What is the thin layer of neural tissue at the back of the eye? a. retina b. optic nerve c. cornea d. choroid e. sclera Higher-level processing and interpretation of the results of sensory reception leads to . a. action b. cognition c. insight d. perception e. decision Motion sickness can be caused by . a. bacteria b. sudden cessation of motion c. a virus d. conflicting signals from the ears and eyes about motion. e. understimulating hair cells in the balance organs The sensation of "sight" is finally produced in the . a. optic nerve b. visual cortex c. retina d. cones e. cerebellum Declarative memory is mediated by the . a. pons b. hindbrain c. pineal gland d. amygdala e. medulla Developmentally speaking, the retina arises from the . a. vomeronasal organ b. maxillary sinus c. inner ear d. brain e. optic nerve A human's creative aptitude is governed mainly by the . a. amygdala b. thalamus c. left hemisphere of the cerebrum d. limbic system e. right hemisphere of the cerebrum The progressive destruction of neurons plus the abnormal buildup of amyloid protein indicates which disorder? a. Parkinson's disease b. Alzheimer's disease c. encephalitis d. brain cancer e. epilepsy The technical term for the sense of taste is . a. salivation b. olfaction c. gustation d. guttation e. vomereronasal Neurotransmitter molecules must be removed from the synapse after being used. An example of a medication that prevents this is an . a. antidepressant preventing GABA re-uptake b. antidepressant preventing serotonin re-uptake c. antidepressant preventing acetylcholine re-uptake d. antidepressant preventing epinephrine re-uptake e. antidepressant preventing dopamine re-uptake Although there is debate over whether humans use pheromones as a sexual attractant, evidence in favor of that theory is that . a. women can menstruate at the same time each month if they spend a lot of time together b. men have scent glands in their scrotum that attract women c. a woman can come into "heat" if she detects a man's pheromone d. men have scent glands in their armpits that attract women e. women have scent glands in their armpits that attract men Somatic sensations come about when signals from receptors reach the somatosensory cortex in the . a. pineal gland b. cerebellum c. hypothalamus d. thymus e. cerebrum Which part of the cerebrum is responsible for complex learning, intellect, and personality? a. the parietal lobe b. the prefrontal cortex c. the primary somatosensory cortex d. the primary cortical areas e. the primary visual cortex When a cornea is misshapen and cannot focus light correctly, it's known as . a. myopia b. red-green color blindness c. color blindness d. astigmatism e. hyperopia A neuron can only “fire” a second time when . a. stimulated by the spinal cord b. sodium gates are closed c. ion pumps restore its membrane to its resting potential d. the inside of a cell is negatively charged e. the neuron is not in a resting state The is a short, branching extension of a neuron that receives incoming signals. a. motor neuron b. sensory neuron c. interneuron d. axon e. dendrite Which is a function of the parasympathetic nervous system? a. decreases heart rate b. dilates pupil of the eye c. stimulates glucose release d. inhibits secretions of the salivary glands e. dilates airways The aids in focusing light on photoreceptors in the eye. a. cornea b. optic nerve c. choroid d. lens e. retina The brain stem comprises the . a. hypothalamus, thalamus, and pineal glad b. hypothalamus, pons, and pineal glad c. midbrain, pons, and medulla d. midbrain, pons, and cerebellum e. pons, thalamus, and pineal glad is an autoimmune disease that may be triggered by a viral infection and involves progressive destruction of myelin sheaths of neurons in the central nervous system. a. Multiple sclerosis b. Guillain-Barre syndrome c. Alzheimer's disease d. Parkinson's disease e. Encephalitis Which neurotransmitter elevates mood and has a role in memory? a. GABA b. dopamine c. serotonin d. epinephrine e. acetylcholine A reflex neuron is different from other nerves in that . a. it has a long axon b. its action doesn't involve the brain c. it has no nucleus d. it has long dendrites e. it has a complex mechanism The actual sensory receptors for sound are the . a. scala vestibuli b. hair cells of organ of Corti c. eustachian tube d. basilar membranes e. tectorial membranes Which vision disturbance is most clearly associated with aging? a. hyperopia b. myopia c. cataracts d. astigmatism e. color blindness Ringing, whirring, or buzzing in the ears is known as . a. otitis media b. swimmer's ear c. an ear infection d. tinnitus e. a stage that precedes loss of hearing When too much aqueous humor builds up in the eyeball, the result can be . a. cataracts b. myopia c. macular degeneration d. glaucoma e. hyperopia When humans say they taste "salt," they are actually detecting . a. potassium ions b. basic molecules c. sodium ions d. acidic molecules e. calcium ions