Nr 283 Study Guide Exam 2.
NR 283 STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2.NR 283 STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2. Chapter 8 Functions of the Skin: • Acts as the first line of defense • Prevents excess fluid loss • Controls body temperature • Active in sensory perception • Synthesizes vitamin D Pruritus: • Itching o Allergic responses, Type I sensitivity o Chemical irritation caused by insect bites o Parasite infestations Pruritus Causes: • Release of histamine in a hypersensitivity response Effects of Pruritus: • Redness and itching – inflammation • Risk of infection due to scratching Causes of Contact Dermatitis: • Allergic contact dermatitis o Exposure to an antigen o Sensitization occurs on first exposure ▪ Type IV cell-mediated hypersensitivity o Pruritic rash develops at site a few hours after exposure • Irritant Contact Dermatitis o Inflammatory because of direct exposure o Does not involve immune response o Removal of irritant o Reduction of inflammation with topical glucocorticoids Urticaria (hives) Causes: • Ingestion of substances, release histamine • Examples: shellfish, drugs, certain fruits • Result of type I hypersensitivity Urticaria Effects: • Eruption of hard, raised erythematous lesion • Often scattered all over the body • Highly pruritic • Check for pharyngeal mucosa and check airway o Administer EpiPen or other first aid required
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