ENG2601_EXAM_PREPARATION.

ENG2601_EXAM_PREPARATION. Cohesion  A text is made up of grammatical and lexical elements, and cohesive features are those that link one part of it with another.  These linkages provide a sense of wholeness and internal unity, and allow a text to be read and understood easily.  Thus, cohesion plays a vital role in achieving coherence Lexical cohesions Related words or phrases belonging to the same semantic field. This related vocabulary enables us to recognise the context, thus aiding coherence Examples:  Repetition-of words or phrases  synonymy-words that are similar in meaning  antonymy-words that are opposite in meaning  collocation-words that belong to the same semantic field  time markers-relating to time (early, late, dates)  sense relations-(human-man, woman, girl, boy, he, she, people) Grammatical cohesion  Grammatical elements that tie a text together Examples:  reference  substitution  ellipsis  conjunctive 2) Genre and register Types of Genre: Expository  letters/articles/reports  contain facts and information  aim to explain, clarify, define, instruct Persuasive  Debates  one sided or single minded goal This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :19:21 GMT -05:00 This study resource was shared via CourseH ASHIKA GOBRIE ENG2601 EXAM PREP  subjective and uses emotive language  a personal conviction that a particular way of thinking is the only sensible way to think  aims to convince the reader to adopt an opinion Narrative  fiction  tells a story  has a character/plot Technical  brochures/adverts  contains specific terminology/inside language (jargon)  usually short sentences Types of register:  Formal  Consultative  Frozen  Intimate  Causal  Informal 3) Textual/Visual Analysis What to look out for in a Visual text Words/written features  title  headline  captions Images  if it’s a close up shot-less details  if it’s long shot-more details  the connotative/denotative meaning Layout  Elements on the top-attention grabber  elements below-new information This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on :19:21 GMT -05:00 This study resource was shared via CourseH ASHIKA GOBRIE ENG2601 EXAM PREP Typographical/fonts  capitals-emphasis What to look for in a textual analysis?  Context-time period/place/situation  Purpose-to instruct/inform/persuade/entertain/sell/complain  audience-level of education/age/gender  word choice-  does it contain jargon  slang/colloquial-creates a jarring effect  emotive language  standard English  Structure/style  construction of sentences (long and compound create a slower pace/formal) and (short, truncated or simple create urgency/haste)  format-paragraph/point form/Question and answer format  Personal/Active voice-(I believe/I think)  Formal/Passive voice-more persuasive and authoritative  Language features (lots more can be added)  processes  linking words  tense  figurative language  rhetorical devices  mood  modality More Language features Verbs to indicate actions and feelings present tense for most of the argument e.g. Smoking is …, I hate… past tense for some evidence or past happenings e.g. For years, people smoked … future tense for suggesting solutions to problems, predictions for the future or calls for action e.g. We will be a healthier society if …, Society can change… Adjectives and phrases – descriptive, emphatic, feeling words that appeal to the emotions Wonderful, beneficial, amazing, excellent, terrible, horrible, cruel, unjust, endangered, unwise, attractive, frightening, perfect, highly recommended, practical, only course of action, sensible, the best way, useful, the only path, the obvious solution …