2021
SLK210:
Chapter 3- The Neonatal
Phase and Infancy
DETAILED NOTES, DIAGRAMS AND SUMMARIES
TANEIL THOMPSON
UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA, 2021
, Taneil Thompson
DISCLAIMER:
PLEASE NOTE THAT THIS INFORMATION IS NOT MY OWN. IT HAS
BEEN SOURCED FROM THE TEXTBOOK TITLED ‘CHILD AND
ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT’ SECOND EDITION BY DAP LOUW &
ANET LOUW. THIS DOCUMENT SHOULD BE USED IN ADDITION TO
THE TEXTBOOK, LECTURES, LECTURE NOTES AND TUTORIAL
WORKSHEETS.
University of Pretoria, 2021
, Taneil Thompson
Chapter 3
The Neonatal Phase and Infancy
Feeding
- Frequency can vary between 8 to 14 times a day in intervals or 1.5 to 5
hours between feedings.
- Advantages of breast-feeding:
Antibodies in milk provide baby with vital protection against intestinal
(diarrhoea) and respiratory (bronchitis, pneumonia) illnesses and allergic
reactions.
Nutrients stimulate brain growth and myelination of axons of neurons.
Cow’s milk stimulates muscle growth.
More easily digested, suffer less constipation and diarrhoea
Gain less weight and are leaner at age 1 than bottle-fed babies. This
prevents later overweight and obesity.
Mother’s nipple instead of artificial nipple prevents malocclusion (condition
in which upper and lower jaws do not meet properly). Protects against
tooth decay that occurs when infants fall asleep while sucking on a bottle.
Don’t need to add other foods until baby is 6 months old. Milk of other
mammals low in iron, iron in breast milk is more easily absorbed by baby.
Breast-fed infants accept new solid foods due to them experiencing a
greater variety of flavours that pass through the mother’s milk.
Practical, milk is sterile and available at the correct temperature.
Don’t have the inconvenience of carrying accessories needed to bottle-
feeding
More economical
Feeling of security (this has not been proven)
Emotionally enriching experience for mother
- Disadvantages of breast-feeding:
Nicotine, alcohol, dagga and other drugs, as well as HIV also pass through
to baby.
- Advantages of bottle-feeding:
Mothers have considerable freedom
- Exclusive breast-feeding is recommended for 6 months and then a
mixture of breast-feeding and appropriate complementary foods up to
age 2.
University of Pretoria, 2021
SLK210:
Chapter 3- The Neonatal
Phase and Infancy
DETAILED NOTES, DIAGRAMS AND SUMMARIES
TANEIL THOMPSON
UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA, 2021
, Taneil Thompson
DISCLAIMER:
PLEASE NOTE THAT THIS INFORMATION IS NOT MY OWN. IT HAS
BEEN SOURCED FROM THE TEXTBOOK TITLED ‘CHILD AND
ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT’ SECOND EDITION BY DAP LOUW &
ANET LOUW. THIS DOCUMENT SHOULD BE USED IN ADDITION TO
THE TEXTBOOK, LECTURES, LECTURE NOTES AND TUTORIAL
WORKSHEETS.
University of Pretoria, 2021
, Taneil Thompson
Chapter 3
The Neonatal Phase and Infancy
Feeding
- Frequency can vary between 8 to 14 times a day in intervals or 1.5 to 5
hours between feedings.
- Advantages of breast-feeding:
Antibodies in milk provide baby with vital protection against intestinal
(diarrhoea) and respiratory (bronchitis, pneumonia) illnesses and allergic
reactions.
Nutrients stimulate brain growth and myelination of axons of neurons.
Cow’s milk stimulates muscle growth.
More easily digested, suffer less constipation and diarrhoea
Gain less weight and are leaner at age 1 than bottle-fed babies. This
prevents later overweight and obesity.
Mother’s nipple instead of artificial nipple prevents malocclusion (condition
in which upper and lower jaws do not meet properly). Protects against
tooth decay that occurs when infants fall asleep while sucking on a bottle.
Don’t need to add other foods until baby is 6 months old. Milk of other
mammals low in iron, iron in breast milk is more easily absorbed by baby.
Breast-fed infants accept new solid foods due to them experiencing a
greater variety of flavours that pass through the mother’s milk.
Practical, milk is sterile and available at the correct temperature.
Don’t have the inconvenience of carrying accessories needed to bottle-
feeding
More economical
Feeling of security (this has not been proven)
Emotionally enriching experience for mother
- Disadvantages of breast-feeding:
Nicotine, alcohol, dagga and other drugs, as well as HIV also pass through
to baby.
- Advantages of bottle-feeding:
Mothers have considerable freedom
- Exclusive breast-feeding is recommended for 6 months and then a
mixture of breast-feeding and appropriate complementary foods up to
age 2.
University of Pretoria, 2021
