Tense = past Tense = present Tense = future
Aspect =
simple He walked. He walks. He will walk.
(completed ac on in the past, speci c (habits, rou nes) (instant decisions, to agree/promise/o er, ask
moment, habit in the past, interrupted + sb. to do sth. ‘request’, ‘general/ opinion’
successive ac ons) predic on)
Aspect =
con nuous He was walking. He is walking. He will be walking.
(to show that a longer ac on ‘PC’ was (ac on going on at the/around me of (to be in the middle of sth., decided +
interrupted, 2 con nuous ac ons are speaking, describing a process of change, arranged ~ pres. cont.)
happening at the same me, a con nuous frequent ac ons, historic present
ac on happening at a speci c me, ‘background: tell a story’, arranged plan)
descrip on to a story)
Aspect =
perfect simple He had walked. He has walked. He will have walked.
(one ac on happens before another past (result, recent event, ac on that started in the (sth. will already be complete before a me in
ac on) past and con nues up ll now ‘link with now’) the future)
Aspect =
perfect He had been walking. He has been walking. He will have been walking.
con nuous (ac on that started in the past con nued up (ac on that started in the past and con nues (sth. will already be complete before a me in
to another point in the past + stress on up ll now + emphasis on dura on) the future + stress on dura on)
dura on, the cause of something in the past)
Revision of tenses
titititi titi
titititi ti tititi tifiti tititi tifi ffti
Aspect =
simple He walked. He walks. He will walk.
(completed ac on in the past, speci c (habits, rou nes) (instant decisions, to agree/promise/o er, ask
moment, habit in the past, interrupted + sb. to do sth. ‘request’, ‘general/ opinion’
successive ac ons) predic on)
Aspect =
con nuous He was walking. He is walking. He will be walking.
(to show that a longer ac on ‘PC’ was (ac on going on at the/around me of (to be in the middle of sth., decided +
interrupted, 2 con nuous ac ons are speaking, describing a process of change, arranged ~ pres. cont.)
happening at the same me, a con nuous frequent ac ons, historic present
ac on happening at a speci c me, ‘background: tell a story’, arranged plan)
descrip on to a story)
Aspect =
perfect simple He had walked. He has walked. He will have walked.
(one ac on happens before another past (result, recent event, ac on that started in the (sth. will already be complete before a me in
ac on) past and con nues up ll now ‘link with now’) the future)
Aspect =
perfect He had been walking. He has been walking. He will have been walking.
con nuous (ac on that started in the past con nued up (ac on that started in the past and con nues (sth. will already be complete before a me in
to another point in the past + stress on up ll now + emphasis on dura on) the future + stress on dura on)
dura on, the cause of something in the past)
Revision of tenses
titititi titi
titititi ti tititi tifiti tititi tifi ffti
