Exam (elaborations) TEST BANK Brock Biology of Microorganisms 15th Edition By Michael T. Madigan

TEST BANK with Complete Questions and Solutions. To clarify, this is the TEST BANK, not the textbook. You get immediate access to download your test bank. You will receive a complete test bank; in other words, all chapters will be there. Test banks come in PDF format; therefore, you do not need specialized software to open them. Exam (elaborations) TEST BANK Brock Biology of Microorganisms 15th Edition By Michael T. Madigan 5.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) Which of the following is/are transferred to daughter cells during bacterial cell division? A) only genomic DNA, the blueprint for everything the cell needs B) individual genes and enzymes to later be brought together to form the genome C) only the chromosome and enzymes to immediately begin cellular metabolism D) chromosome, proteins, and all other cellular constituents Answer: D Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 5.1 2) Bacterial growth refers to A) an increase in the number of cells. B) the occurrence of binary fission. C) the time required for one cell to divide into two. D) the occurrence of mitosis. Answer: A Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 5.1 3) The time interval required for the formation of two cells from one is called the A) generation time. B) growth time. C) growth rate. D) division rate. Answer: A Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 5.1 4) Turbidity measurements are commonly utilized for monitoring A) planktonic cultures. B) biofilms. C) conies. D) sessile cultures. Answer: A Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 5.8 5) The time between inoculation and the beginning of growth is usually called the A) lag phase. B) log phase. C) dormant phase. D) death phase. Answer: A Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 5.3 6) Optical density and viable cell concentration are LEAST proportional to each other during the A) lag phase. B) exponential growth phase. C) stationary phase. D) death phase. Answer: D Bloom’s Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing Chapter Section: 5.8 7) When attempting to determine viable cell counts of a heat-sensitive bacterial isolate, which cell counting method should be avoided? A) spread-plate method B) pour-plate method C) live staining and direct counting with a microscope D) both spread- and pour-plate methods Answer: B Bloom’s Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing Chapter Section: 5.7 8) Bacteria that are able to grow in humans and cause disease would be classified as A) psychrophiles. B) mesophiles. C) thermophiles. D) hyperthermophiles. Answer: B Bloom’s Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing Chapter Section: 5.9 9) An agar plate for counting colonies and maximizing statistical validity should ideally contain A) 1 to 100 colonies. B) 50 to 100 colonies. C) 30 to 300 colonies. D) 100 to 1000 colonies. Answer: C Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 5.7 10) Relative to enzymes in mesophilic microorganisms, which of the following is NOT characteristic of enzymes in psychrophiles? A) decreased alpha helix content B) decreased beta sheet content C) fewer hydrogen bonds D) fewer ionic bonds Answer: A Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 5.10 11) The number of colonies obtained in a plate count does NOT depend on the A) inoculum volume. B) size of the colonies. C) type of culture medium. D) incubation time. Answer: B Bloom’s Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing Chapter Section: 5.7 12) Cell density in a chemostat is controlled by A) the concentration of the limiting nutrient. B) the dilution factor. C) the size of the initial inoculum. D) the concentration of the limiting nutrient, the dilution factor, and the size of the initial inoculum. Answer: A Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 5.4 13) What temperature is most commonly used in autoclaves to sterilize growth media and other devices prior to experimentation? A) 95°C B) 101°C C) 121°C D) 140°C Answer: C Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 5.15 14) Most mesophilic organisms can grow in a temperature range of A) 0-15°C. B) 10-20°C. C) 20-45°C. D) 50-65°C. Answer: C Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 5.9 15) Obligate anaerobes which are sensitive to O2 would be found growing A) throughout a tube of thioglycolate broth. B) only at the very top of a tube of thioglycolate broth. C) only at the bottom of a tube of thioglycolate broth. D) approximately one-third of the way down the thioglycolate broth. Answer: C Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 5.16 16) A microbe growing in a refrigerator is likely A) psychrophilic. B) mesophilic. C) psychrotolerant or psychrophilic. D) hyperthermophilic. Answer: C Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 5.10 17) Which of these statements is/are TRUE? A) In general, species that can grow at higher temperatures are prokaryotic. B) The most thermophilic prokaryotes are species of Archaea. C) Chemoorganotrophic organisms are able to grow at higher temperatures than phototrophic organisms. D) All of the statements are true. Answer: D Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 5.11 18) A chemical that denatures proteins is most likely to be classified as a(n) ________ agent. A) antiseptic B) bacteriostatic C) bacteriocidal D) detergent Answer: C Bloom’s Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing Chapter Section: 5.17 19) The ratio of the vapor pressure of the air in equilibrium with a substance to the vapor pressure of pure water is known as A) water activity. B) vapor activity. C) positive water balance. D) osmosis. Answer: A Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 5.13 20) Organisms able to live in environments with high sugar concentrations are A) halotolerant. B) osmophiles. C) xerophiles. D) anaerobic fermenting bacteria. Answer: B Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 5.13 21) When water activity is low, an organism must A) increase its internal solute concentration. B) increase its external solute concentration. C) decrease its internal solute concentration. D) decrease its external solute concentration. Answer: A Bloom’s Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing Chapter Section: 5.13 22) A bacterium possessing ________ will produce O2 bubbles when placed in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. A) catalase B) superoxide dismutase C) superoxide reductase D) peroxidase Answer: A Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 5.14 23) A halotolerant facultative anaerobe would grow BEST in which of the following environments? A) oxygen depleted saline B) oxygenated saline C) oxygen depleted non-saline D) oxygenated non-saline Answer: D Bloom’s Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing Chapter Section: 5.13 24) Which of the following forms of oxygen is/are generally toxic to living organisms? A) superoxide anion B) hydrogen peroxide C) hydroxyl radical D) Superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals are all toxic. Answer: D Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 5.14 25) Superoxide dismutase and catalase work together to convert superoxide into A) peroxide. B) oxygen. C) water D) water and oxygen. Answer: D Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 5.14 26) Which of the following methods used to enumerate cells often requires specialized staining to observe non-pigmented bacteria? A) spectrophotometry/turbidity B) spread-plating C) microscopy D) spread-plating, turbidity, and microscopy Answer: C Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 5.6 27) Which term is most relevant in describing the efficacy of an antimicrobial for use in a clinical setting? A) effective dose B) sterilization coefficient C) lethal dosage D) minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) Answer: D Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 5.17 28) Which method would be LEAST effective at sterilizing a glass hockey stick to use in the spread-plate method? A) autoclaving B) gamma radiation C) ethanol soaking D) ultrahigh-temperature pasteurization Answer: D Bloom’s Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing Chapter Section: 5.15 29) When counting colonies on an agar plate A) it is assumed that each colony arose from division of one or a few cells. B) only viable colonies are counted. C) the medium must be suitable for colony growth. D) All of these answer choices are true. Answer: A Bloom’s Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing Chapter Section: 5.5 30) By controlling the concentration of nutrients continuously added to a chemostat, cells can constantly be maintained at the A) exponential growth phase. B) stationary growth phase. C) lag growth phase. D) death growth phase. Answer: A Bloom’s Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing Chapter Section: 5.4 31) Serial dilutions are generally made A) when the appropriate viable count is unknown. B) based on powers of 10, although other serial dilution factors are possible. C) to reach a suitable dilution while minimizing error. D) All of these answer choices apply. Answer: D Bloom’s Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing Chapter Section: 5.7 32) Which of the following statements is FALSE? A) In the death phase, bacterial growth may cease as a result of oxygen and nutrient depletion. B) The generation time of bacteria may vary from species to species. C) Bacteria typically divide by binary fission, producing two daughter cells. D) In the lag phase, cell death exceeds cell division. Answer: D Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 5.3 33) The optimal growth temperature of a bacterium is most closely related to the optimal temperature for A) transcription of DNA. B) DNA replication. C) enzyme function. D) mRNA attachment to ribosomes. Answer: C Bloom’s Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing Chapter Section: 5.9 34) Why is the enzyme catalase important to the survival of bacteria? A) Catalase protects the cell from desiccation. B) Catalase breaks down toxic hydrogen peroxide. C) Catalase allows for growth in high salt concentrations. D) Catalase aids in the transport of oxygen into the cell. Answer: B Bloom’s Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing Chapter Section: 5.14 35) A medium containing known substances in precise amounts is known as a ________ media. A) selective B) complex C) natural D) defined Answer: D Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 5.5 36) Selective medium differs from differential medium because A) selective medium permits growth of more organisms than differential medium. B) selective medium permits growth of a particular microbial type while differential medium is used to distinguish between types of organisms. C) differential medium differentiates pathogens from nonpathogens while selective medium grows only pathogens. D) differential medium contains growth inhibitors while selective medium does not. Answer: B Bloom’s Taxonomy: 5-6: Evaluating/Creating Chapter Section: 5.5 37) The cell membranes of thermophiles and hyperthermophilic bacteria typically have A) more saturated fatty acids. B) more long chain fatty acids. C) fewer unsaturated fatty acids. D) All of these answer choices are true of thermophiles and hyperthermophilic bacteria. Answer: D Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 5.11 38) The use of chemical agents directly on exposed body surfaces to destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens is A) disinfection. B) sterilization. C) antisepsis. D) sanitization. Answer: C Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 5.17 39) Which of the following statements is TRUE of disinfectants? A) They are always effective in destroying endospores. B) They are used on living tissue. C) They are used for sterilization. D) They are used on inanimate surfaces. Answer: D Bloom’s Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing Chapter Section: 5.17 40) A ________ agent is a chemical that inhibits bacteria from reproducing, but does NOT necessarily kill them. A) bacteriostatic B) bacteriolytic C) bacteriocidal D) xerophilic Answer: A Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 5.17 41) Microbial contamination is prevented by the A) use of the quadrant streak method. B) use of aseptic technique. C) use of cultures containing special nutrients. D) spread plate method. Answer: A Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 5.5 42) A common antimicrobial chemical (or chemicals) used as both an antiseptic and a general disinfectant is A) iodophors. B) 70% alcohol. C) hydrogen peroxide. D) Each of these chemicals at appropriate concentrations can be used as antiseptics or disinfectants. Answer: D Bloom’s Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing Chapter Section: 5.17 43) Cultures of a bacterial species were incubated on the shelf of a refrigerator (5°C), on a lab benchtop (25°C), on the shelf of a 37°C incubator, and on the shelf of a 50°C incubator. After incubation, there was no growth at 37°C or 50°C, slight growth on the benchtop, and abundant growth at refrigeration. What term could be used for this species? A) halophile B) mesophile C) anaerobe D) psychrophile Answer: D Bloom’s Taxonomy: 3-4: Applying/Analyzing Chapter Section: 5.9 44) A microbiology student in a research lab repeated an experiment described by others using the identical bacterial isolate, the same growth medium, and the same growth conditions. However, the student was unable to achieve the same O.D. at 600 nm. What is the LEAST likely cause for this discrepancy in measured turbidity? A) One experiment used 16 mm wide test tubes while the other used 18 mm wide test tubes. B) One experiment subtracted the yellow color of the growth medium away from the final turbidity reported whereas the other used colorless water. C) One experiment vigorously dispersed the bacterial pellicle with vortexing while the other did not. D) The two experiments were carried out at vastly different elevations and did not consider the influence of pressure. Answer: D Bloom’s Taxonomy: 5-6: Evaluating/Creating Chapter Section: 5.8 5.2 True/False Questions 1) Microbial growth is generally described as an increase in cell number rather than the expansion in size of an individual microbial cell. Answer: TRUE Bloom’s Taxonomy: 1-2: Remembering/Understanding Chapter Section: 5.1 2) The duration of exponential growth would increase if bacterial cells divided into three equal daughter cells rather than two. Answer: FALSE Bloom’s Taxonomy: 5-6: Evaluating/Creating Chapter Section: 5.3 3) A selective medium is used to suppress the growth of certain bacteria in order to facilitate the