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Samenvatting milieu

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Samenvatting van de aantekeningen en lesstof van het vak Milieu gegeven door Peter en Peter ;)

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Samenvatting theorie milieu



Les 1 8-2-2019


Herhaling 2e klas:
Reactiesnelheid en evenwicht


Reactiesnelheid:
Toename of afname van een concentratie per tijdseenheid


Formule:
s = delta c / delta t
s = reactiesnelheid, mol/L*s
c = concentratie, mol/L
t = tijd, sec


Reactiesnelheid word beïnvloed door:
- Temperatuur
- Verdelingsgraad
- Concentratie
- Katalysator
- Licht
- Aard van de stof


Nieuwe stof
Chemisch evenwicht
1. De heengaande reactie verloopt net zo snel als de teruggaande reactie.
2. Concentraties van de stoffen veranderen niet meer
3. Ieder evenwicht heeft een evenwichtsvoorwaarde of evenwichtsconstante. De verhouding
tussen product van de concentraties van de reactieproducten en product van de
concentraties van uitgangsstoffen.

,Constante Kev (alleen afhankelijk van T) = eindstoffen / beginstoffen (concentratiebreuk)


Concentratiebreuk < Kev = de reactie verloopt naar rechts
Concentratiebreuk > Kev = de reactie verloopt naar links
Concentratiebreuk = Kev = de reactie is in evenwicht


Beinvloeden evenwicht:
Concentratie veranderen; vergroten of verkleinen.


pA + qB -> <- rC + sD


Kev = [C]^r * [D]^s / [A]^p * [B]^q




Waterevenwicht
2 H2O -> <- H3O+ + OH-


Kev = [H3O+] * [OH-] / [H2O]^2
K * [H2O]^2 = [H3O+] * [OH-]


Wat is de concentratie van water in 1L water? Geef in mol/L.
m/M=n, 1000g/18 = 55,6 mol/L


Kw = [H3O+] * [OH-]
Kw = 10^-14 bij 24 graden


Kw =
Waterconstante, mate van splitsing van water in H3O+ en OH-

, [H3O+] * [OH-] = 10^-14
X * X = 10^-14
X^2 = 10^-14
X = wortel 10^-14 = 10^-7 mol/L
10^-7 = pH 7
pH = -log [H3O+] = -log 10^-7 = 7
pOh = 14 – pH = 7, -log [OH-] = -log 10^-7 = 7


Kw = H3O+ + OH-
10^-14 = 10^-7 * 10^-7
pKW = pH + pOH
14 = 7 + 7


Huiswerk
Bereken de pH van:
- 0,2M HCl
-log(0,2) = 0,7


- 0,2M H2SO4
0,2 * 2 = 0,4. –log(0,4)= 0,4


- 0,1M HAc
-log(0,1)= 1
HCl -> H+ + Cl-
HAc = zwak zuur, splitst niet volledig in ionen.
HAc + H2O -> <- H3O+ + Ac-

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