, Table of Contents
Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................... 1
Memory ......................................................................................................................................................... 1
Remembering..................................................................................................................................................... 1
Forgetting .......................................................................................................................................................... 3
Metamemory ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
Memory
What are the three (4) types of memory proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)?
Sensory input, sensory memory, short term memory, long term memory
Explain the process of multi-store memory
Information enters the temporary sensory memory; unattended information will be lost but it
attention is given then this information is processed and enters into STM. If information is
unrehearsed, it will be lost but if it is rehearsed then the information is encoded into LTM and
available of retrieval later (some information may be lost over time)
What are two types of the first type of memory?
• Iconic memory - Fast-decaying store of visual information
• Echoic memory - Fast-decaying store of auditory information
Describe how much information can be kept in the second type of memory and how can this be
made easier?
• 7 pieces of meaningful information and do make it easier we engage in chunking: combining
small pieces of information into larger chunks that are more easily held (e.g., 7 chunks of
info)
What are the 4 sections of the working memory model?
• Visuospatial sketchpad - Briefly stores visual and spatial information
• Phonological loop - Briefly encodes mental representations of sounds and is made of a
short-term store and an articulatory rehearsal system & allows you to say it back to yourself
to keep your memory active
• Episodic buffer - A temporary storage space where information from long term memory can
be integrated into working memory
• Central executive - An attentional system that coordinates and controls lens of action and
output
What part of the brain is involved in the consolidation of LTM?
The hippocampus
Remembering
What are the three processes?
• Encoding - We transform what we perceive, think, or feel into an enduring memory
• Storage - Process of maintaining information in memory over time
• Retrieval - The process of recalling information that has been previously encoded and stored
Bea Lume Nunes | PSYU911/01 ‘20-‘21 1
Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................... 1
Memory ......................................................................................................................................................... 1
Remembering..................................................................................................................................................... 1
Forgetting .......................................................................................................................................................... 3
Metamemory ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
Memory
What are the three (4) types of memory proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)?
Sensory input, sensory memory, short term memory, long term memory
Explain the process of multi-store memory
Information enters the temporary sensory memory; unattended information will be lost but it
attention is given then this information is processed and enters into STM. If information is
unrehearsed, it will be lost but if it is rehearsed then the information is encoded into LTM and
available of retrieval later (some information may be lost over time)
What are two types of the first type of memory?
• Iconic memory - Fast-decaying store of visual information
• Echoic memory - Fast-decaying store of auditory information
Describe how much information can be kept in the second type of memory and how can this be
made easier?
• 7 pieces of meaningful information and do make it easier we engage in chunking: combining
small pieces of information into larger chunks that are more easily held (e.g., 7 chunks of
info)
What are the 4 sections of the working memory model?
• Visuospatial sketchpad - Briefly stores visual and spatial information
• Phonological loop - Briefly encodes mental representations of sounds and is made of a
short-term store and an articulatory rehearsal system & allows you to say it back to yourself
to keep your memory active
• Episodic buffer - A temporary storage space where information from long term memory can
be integrated into working memory
• Central executive - An attentional system that coordinates and controls lens of action and
output
What part of the brain is involved in the consolidation of LTM?
The hippocampus
Remembering
What are the three processes?
• Encoding - We transform what we perceive, think, or feel into an enduring memory
• Storage - Process of maintaining information in memory over time
• Retrieval - The process of recalling information that has been previously encoded and stored
Bea Lume Nunes | PSYU911/01 ‘20-‘21 1
