Parts of Speech
1. Article – the, a, an
2. Prepositions (relations of the noun to other nouns – place)
3. Conjunctions (joins words or phrases)
Coordinating – puts what it joins on the same level (equal importance)
Subordinating – places one above/before the other (one is more important)
4. Verbs – describe an action (abstract and concrete)
Modal verb – makes the verb more or less likely
5. Adverbs and adjectives
Comparative – compare two nouns/verbs - show which is better/ more important
Superlative - to show which one is the best – stands out from all the others
6. Pronouns (stands in place of the noun)
Personal pronouns –
us, we (include audience) – feel part of the group / loyalty / shared responsibility or
cause – inclusive third person pronoun
They, them (exclude others) – feel loyalty to a group / make an enemy of another
group (exclude) – exclusive third person pronoun
You (direct mode address) – creates a relationship between reader and author,
familiarity (friends), makes reader more comfortable with the author (form of trust),
makes the reader feel more involved with the subject/content
– second person direct mode of address
Myself / - ‘self’ – shows reflection and deep thought, a task that can not be
undertaken by someone else – reflexive (reflective) pronoun
I – shows the experience is personal (more detailed), could show a degree of bias or
that the experience is the author’s own perception – first person pronoun
7. Nouns
Noun phrase – noun and a descriptive word (one adjective)
Expanded / extended noun phrase – noun and 2/more descriptive words
- Give precise / detailed information in a concise way
(he is the typical all American, blue collar, happy go lucky kind of guy)
- Build description ( draw reader quicker into the scene/thoughts)
- Do not use redundant adjectives
(wet, soggy towel – big, giant dog)
- Commas between adjectives
1. Article – the, a, an
2. Prepositions (relations of the noun to other nouns – place)
3. Conjunctions (joins words or phrases)
Coordinating – puts what it joins on the same level (equal importance)
Subordinating – places one above/before the other (one is more important)
4. Verbs – describe an action (abstract and concrete)
Modal verb – makes the verb more or less likely
5. Adverbs and adjectives
Comparative – compare two nouns/verbs - show which is better/ more important
Superlative - to show which one is the best – stands out from all the others
6. Pronouns (stands in place of the noun)
Personal pronouns –
us, we (include audience) – feel part of the group / loyalty / shared responsibility or
cause – inclusive third person pronoun
They, them (exclude others) – feel loyalty to a group / make an enemy of another
group (exclude) – exclusive third person pronoun
You (direct mode address) – creates a relationship between reader and author,
familiarity (friends), makes reader more comfortable with the author (form of trust),
makes the reader feel more involved with the subject/content
– second person direct mode of address
Myself / - ‘self’ – shows reflection and deep thought, a task that can not be
undertaken by someone else – reflexive (reflective) pronoun
I – shows the experience is personal (more detailed), could show a degree of bias or
that the experience is the author’s own perception – first person pronoun
7. Nouns
Noun phrase – noun and a descriptive word (one adjective)
Expanded / extended noun phrase – noun and 2/more descriptive words
- Give precise / detailed information in a concise way
(he is the typical all American, blue collar, happy go lucky kind of guy)
- Build description ( draw reader quicker into the scene/thoughts)
- Do not use redundant adjectives
(wet, soggy towel – big, giant dog)
- Commas between adjectives
