nurs 6541 week 5 discussion case study

Case Study 3: A 24-month-old presents with a red rash that began on his trunk yesterday and has now spread to the face and upper extremities. His grandmother reports that earlier in the week, the toddler had intermittent fevers up to 101.5°F without other symptoms. The fever broke approximately 48 hours ago and the rash began a few hours later. Roseola Infantum Based on the information provided in the case study, I believe that the toddler may be suffering from Roseola infantum. Roseola infantum is common in infants and young children (Bryant & Lester, 2014). It is spread in the droplets of an infected patient (Watkins, 2013). Roseola infantum initially presents with a high fever of 3-5 days duration which occurs about 9-10 days after incubation (Bryant & Lester, 2014; Watkins, 2013). A blanchable maculopapular rash of pale pink papules follows the fever (Watkins, 2013). The rash starts on the trunk and spreads to the face and limbs (Watkins, 2013). Other exam findings can include sore throat, cold, cough, and gastrointestinal symptoms (Bryant & Lester, 2014; Watkins, 2013). Differential Diagnoses 1. Scarlet Fever: Scarlet fever is caused by group A β-haemolytic Streptococcus and it is common in children under 10 years of age (Watkins, 2013). The first symptoms of scarlet fever can include fever, sore throat, enlarged cervical lymph nodes, nausea, vomiting, strawberry tongue, and abdominal pain (Watkins, 2013). A fine, punctate, macular rash follows these symptoms which begins on the upper trunk and spreads to the face and limbs (Watkins, 2013). 2. Measles: Measles is caused by paramyxovirus, and it is not as common of as illness as it once was thanks to immunization with the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination (Bryant & Lester, 2014). Measles presents with fever, coryza, conjunctivitis, and cough for several days initially (Bryant & Lester, 2014). These symptoms are followed by a maculopapular, erythematous rash which starts behind the ears and spreads to the trunk and limbs (Watkins, 2013). 3. Rubella: Rubella is caused by togavirus, and it is also uncommon thanks in large part to the MMR immunization (Bryant