Study Material Test Bank - Fully Updated Solutions

Study Material Test Bank - Fully Updated Solutions Knowledge - answer - Refers to awareness or perception of reality acquired through insight, learning, or investigation. Knowledge is tentative and can be expanded/refined over time. Epistemology - answer - Study of knowledge Empirics - answer - Scientific knowledge coming from observation, testing, and replication. Personal knowledge - answer - Knowledge gained through thought alone. Esthetic knowledge - answer - Harmony, beauty, expression. Incorporates art, creativity, and values. Moral and Ethical knowledge - answer - What is right versus wrong. Values, social and cultural norms. Intuitive knowledge - answer - Feeling and hunches not guessing, but relies on unconscious pattern recognition and experience. Somatic knowledge - answer - Knowing the body in relation to physical movement. Balance to perform task. Theory - answer - Set of interrelated concepts, statements, propositions, and definitions, which attempt to account for or characterize some phenomenon. Imogene King's Theory of Goal Attainment and Transactional Process - answer - Grand theory. Individuals are social beings, sentiment, rational and reacting. Nurses and clients perceptions, judgments, and actions if congruent lead to goal directed transactions if conflict is present they do not. Relationship statement: If transactions are made in nurse-client relationships, growth and development will be enhanced. Now considered her theory middle range after years of refinement. Paradigm - answer - Organizing framework that contains concept, theories, assumptions, beliefs, values, principals, and affects the way a discipline interpreters the subject matter or phenomenon of concern. Nursing Paradigm - answer - Person, Health, Nursing, Enviornment. Clinical reasoning - answer - A cognitive process that allows us to think, identify relationships, and form judgments about information. Nursing experience - answer - Unique and active process of defining, refining, and evolving your personal and professional knowledge. EBP - answer - Process involving the examination and application of research findings or reliable evidence that has been integrated with scientific theories. Relationships of theory, research, and practice - answer - Each effects one another in a reciprocal, cyclical, and interactive manner. Silent knowledge - answer - Learning by listening to others after Civil War. 1872 First nursing school opened. Received knowledge - answer - (1940s into 1950s) Authority was internalized and self emerged- nursing education changing after WWII. Subjective knowledge - answer - (1950s and 1960s) More direct observation. Multiple models emerging (abdellah, henderson, rogers) 1950 first nursing journal published. Procedural knowledge - answer - (1970s) Nursing viewed self as scientific discipline (king, neuman, roy). Constructed knowledge - answer - (1980s to 21st century) Devloping theory to guided practice. Increasing middle range theories. Central aspects of theory - answer - Phenomena, Assumptions, Concept, Constructs, Relationship statements, Hypothesis. Phenomena - answer - Designation of an aspect of reality, subject matter that is primary concern of a discipline. Assumptions - answer - Beliefs about the phenomena one must accept as true to accept a theory about the phenomena as true. May not be testable. Concept - answer - Elements composed of a phenomenon, building blocks of theories and propositions. Conceptual definition - answer - word definition Operational definition - answer - how it is measured. Constructs - answer - Complex type of concept. Usually constructed by theorist to fit a purpose. (e.g. Maslow's self-actualization) Relationship statements - answer - Specific relationships between concepts. May also be called propositions. Hypothesis - answer - Tentative relationships between concepts. Special type of propositions that can be theoretically tested. Metathoery - answer - Hard to