Bio 156 Lab Practical Two Study Guide - A+ Graded Solutions

Bio 156 Lab Practical Two Study Guide - A+ Graded Solutions What types of organisms are studied by microbiologists - answer - Eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea What is a fomite? - answer - Non living surface such as floors or furniture that harbors micro-organisms What is the aseptic technique? - answer - to sterilize ( wash hands) Explain what a colony is. Use the term exponential growth. - answer - individual organisms of the same species living close together the exponential growth of the organism is in relation to its habitat . What are transient microbes? Where are they found on the skin - answer - potentially harmful bacteria that are recently picked up and are located on the outer layer of the skin What are resident microbes? Where are they found on the skin? - answer - "good bacteria" they are covered in bacteria that are adapted to survive on the surface of our skin and are a form of protection. What is Pasteurization - answer - Heating material to kill bacteria what is sebum - answer - is an oily substance secreted by the skin why where there still bacteria present on the skin after several times of washing your hands? - answer - Because when you first wash your hands you get rid of transient bacteria which is the bacteria you just picked up. Then it reveals the resident bacteria which is the "good" bacteria that lives on our skin protecting us from bad bacteria. is the five second rule real or is it a myth? - answer - it is a myth because even after five seconds there was bacteria still on it what are the two types of fermentation ? what are the products? how much ATP is produced? - answer - Lactic acid fermentation-The conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide(2 ATP). Alcohol fermentation-Conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol(2ATP) what caused the milk to become yogurt? how and why did the PH change? - answer - acid fermentation caused the milk to turn to yogurt and and the PH changed because it produced galaticacid and changed the PH level when looking at pond water what types of microbes did you see? - answer - protozoa, which is eukaryotes. absorbs or ingest organic chemicals, may be motile how are prokaryotes different from eukaryotes? - answer - prokaryotes is made up of one cell where eukaryotes are made of multiple cells Describe the cell cycle - answer - G1, S, and G2. G1 cell does it's everyday job and grows. S DNA synthesizes, chromosomes copy. G2 GAP, prepares for division, cell grows, produces organelles, proteins, an membranes Describe what happens in Prophase - answer - Chromatin DNA condenses. Centrioles move to opposite poles of cell. Nucleolus disappears. Nuclear membrane breaks down. Describe what happens in metaphase - answer - Spindle fibers align chromosomes along the middle of the cell. Helps ensure chromosomes separate properly so each new nucleus receives only 1 copy of each chromosome. Describe what happens in anaphase - answer - Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles and move to opposite poles. They are pulled by motor proteins and the poles move farther apart. Describe what happens in telophase - answer - Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles. Daughter nuclei form and chromosomes disperse and are no longer visible under light. What is the purpose of mitosis? - answer - It's how our cells grow and multiply What phase of the cell cycle do cells spend most of their time in? - answer - Interphase what is a karyotype and what is it used for? - answer - study of chromosomes and it it used for to diagnose genetic an chromosomal abnormalities what is autosomes? what are sex chromsomes? - answer - autosomes are chromosome pairs 1-22 . sex chromosomes are are the 23rd pair of chromosomes which are gender determining. female which is (XX) and males which are (XY) Describe human genome? how many chromosomes? - answer - is the complete set of genetic information located on the DNA within 23 pairs chromosomes what is a pedi