PYC3703 – COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY
CHAPTER 7: LTM: Encoding, Retrieval and Consolidation
Key Term Explanation Pg
The process that transforms new memories
from a fragile state, in which they can be
Consolidation 203
disrupted, to a more permanent state in
which they are resistant to disruption
Context
Going back to an event or scene 198
reinstatement
Cross-cortical
Hippocampus-controlled binding process 206
consolidation
Cued recall 195
Involves close attention, focusing on an
Deep
item’s meaning and relating it to something 189
processing
else
Depth of Distinguishes between shallow and deep
189
processing processing
Elaborative
Involves asking “why?” questions 215
investigation
Elaborative Considering meaning or making connections
189
rehearsal to other information in order to remember
Refers to the notion that when you do
Enactment
something with an object you will be more 194
effect
likely to remember the object
The process of acquiring information and
Encoding 188
transferring it into LTM
Encoding
We encode information along with its context 197
specificity
Free recall 195
Generation Generating material yourself, rather than
192
effect passively receiving it
Tend to be most severe for events that
Graded
happened just before the injury and to 206
amnesia
become less severe for earlier events
Levels of
Memory depends on the depth of processing
processing 189
that an item receives
theory
, Long-term
205
potentiation
Maintenance Repeating a piece of information over and
189
rehearsal over again
Mood
We seem to remember particularly those
congruent 199
events that match with or current mood
memory
Multiple trace The hippocampus is involved in retrieval of
model of episodic memories, even if they originated 206
consolidation long ago
Paired
associate A list of word paired is presented at encoding 190
learning
The hippocampus “replay” the neural activity
Reactivation 206
associated with a memory
Reconsolidation 211
Process of transferring the information from
Retrieval 188
LTM into working memory
Words or stimuli that help us remember
Retrieval cue 192
information stored in our memory
Retrograde Loss of memory for events that occurred
206
amnesia before injury
Attached to memories during or shortly after
Salience tag 208
encoding
Self-reference Memory is better if you are asked to relate a
190
effect word to yourself
Shallow
Involves little attention to meaning 189
processing
Spacing effect Short study sessionss 216
Standard model Proposes that incoming information activates
205
of consolidation a number of areas in the cortex
State- Learning that is associated with a particular
dependent internal state such as mood or state 198
learning awareness
Synaptic Involves structural changes at synapse
203
consolidation Takes place over minutes/hours
Involves the gradual reorganisation of neural
Systems
circuits within the brain 203
consolidation
Takes place over months/years
CHAPTER 7: LTM: Encoding, Retrieval and Consolidation
Key Term Explanation Pg
The process that transforms new memories
from a fragile state, in which they can be
Consolidation 203
disrupted, to a more permanent state in
which they are resistant to disruption
Context
Going back to an event or scene 198
reinstatement
Cross-cortical
Hippocampus-controlled binding process 206
consolidation
Cued recall 195
Involves close attention, focusing on an
Deep
item’s meaning and relating it to something 189
processing
else
Depth of Distinguishes between shallow and deep
189
processing processing
Elaborative
Involves asking “why?” questions 215
investigation
Elaborative Considering meaning or making connections
189
rehearsal to other information in order to remember
Refers to the notion that when you do
Enactment
something with an object you will be more 194
effect
likely to remember the object
The process of acquiring information and
Encoding 188
transferring it into LTM
Encoding
We encode information along with its context 197
specificity
Free recall 195
Generation Generating material yourself, rather than
192
effect passively receiving it
Tend to be most severe for events that
Graded
happened just before the injury and to 206
amnesia
become less severe for earlier events
Levels of
Memory depends on the depth of processing
processing 189
that an item receives
theory
, Long-term
205
potentiation
Maintenance Repeating a piece of information over and
189
rehearsal over again
Mood
We seem to remember particularly those
congruent 199
events that match with or current mood
memory
Multiple trace The hippocampus is involved in retrieval of
model of episodic memories, even if they originated 206
consolidation long ago
Paired
associate A list of word paired is presented at encoding 190
learning
The hippocampus “replay” the neural activity
Reactivation 206
associated with a memory
Reconsolidation 211
Process of transferring the information from
Retrieval 188
LTM into working memory
Words or stimuli that help us remember
Retrieval cue 192
information stored in our memory
Retrograde Loss of memory for events that occurred
206
amnesia before injury
Attached to memories during or shortly after
Salience tag 208
encoding
Self-reference Memory is better if you are asked to relate a
190
effect word to yourself
Shallow
Involves little attention to meaning 189
processing
Spacing effect Short study sessionss 216
Standard model Proposes that incoming information activates
205
of consolidation a number of areas in the cortex
State- Learning that is associated with a particular
dependent internal state such as mood or state 198
learning awareness
Synaptic Involves structural changes at synapse
203
consolidation Takes place over minutes/hours
Involves the gradual reorganisation of neural
Systems
circuits within the brain 203
consolidation
Takes place over months/years
