Iop 2602 Summary Notes Simplified

IOP2602 STUDY NOTES CHAPTER 1: Organisational Behaviour Organisational Behaviour (OB): Is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structure have on behaviour within organisations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organisation’s effectiveness. Disciplines that contribute to the OB Field Psychology- the science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change, the behaviour of humans and other animals. Social psychology- An area of psychology that blends concepts from psychology and sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on one another. Sociology- the study of people in relation to their social environment or culture. Anthropology- the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities. CHAPTER 2: ATTITUDES AND JOB SATISFACTION Attitudes are evaluative statements, either favourable or unfavourable about objects, people or events. They reflect how we feel about something. Main components of attitudes  Cognitive component- the opinion or belief segment of an attitude.  Affective component- the emotional or feeling segment of an attitude.  Behavioural component- an intention to behave in certain way toward someone or something. Cognitive Dissonance- Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behaviour and attitudes. Moderating variables- the most powerful moderators of the attitudes relationship are the importance of the attitude, its correspondence to behaviour, its accessibility, the presence of social pressures and whether a person has direct experience with the attitude. Major job attitude  Job satisfaction- a positive feeling about one’s job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics.  Job involvement- the degree to which a person identifies with a job, actively participates in it and considers performance important to self-worth.  Psychological empowerment- employees’ belief in the degree to which they affect their work environment, their competence, the meaningfulness of their job and their perceived autonomy in their work. Four employee responses to dissatisfaction with their jobs  Exit- Dissatisfaction expressed through behaviour directed toward leaving the organisation.  Voice- Dissatisfaction expressed through active and constructive attempts to improve conditions.  Loyalty- Dissatisfaction expressed by passively waiting for conditions to improve.  Neglect- Dissatisfaction expressed through allowing conditions to worsen. CHAPTER 3: Perception and individual decision making Perception- A process by which individuals organise and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment. Factors that influence perception A number of factors operate to shape and sometimes distort perception. These factors can reside in the Perceiver, in the object or target being perceived, or in the context of the situation in which the perception is m