Anatomy Physiology Understanding Test Bank - Practice-Ready Answer Guide
Anatomy Physiology Understanding Test Bank - Practice-Ready Answer Guide Diffusion - answer - Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. facilitated diffusion - answer - The movement of molecules through a channel protein from an area of greater to lesser concentration active transport - answer - The movement of solutes from areas of lesser to greater concentration with the aid of ATP for energy Osmosis - answer - The movement of water down the concentration gradient through a selectively permeable membrane Filtration - answer - The movement of water and dissolved particles across a membrane from an area of higher to lower pressure Endocytosis - answer - Form of vesicular transport that brings solutes into a cell Exocytosis - answer - Form of vesicular transport that releases substances outside the cell sodium-potassium pump - answer - Form of active transport responsible for providing electrical potential necessary for nervous system activity Nucleus - answer - A cell's genetic information is contained in Organelle - answer - fill the cytoplasm and perform specific tasks in metabolism. these include the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, centrioles, and mitochondria. ER - answer - a network of membranous canals and curving sacs throughout the cytoplasm Ribosomes - answer - manufacture proteins, dot the surface of some of the ER (called rough ER). Chormatin - answer - Extending throughout the nucleoplasm are strands composed of DNA and protein Nucelolus - answer - •it manufactures ribosomes (the cell's protein-producing structures). plasma membrane - answer - •defines the boundary of the cell and regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell. It consists of phospholipids, cholesterol, and protein. Plasmids - answer - bacterial structure that allows bacteria to develop resistance capsule - answer - keeps bacteria from drying out, helps ward off attack from other microorganisms, more likely to cause disease with this ATP - answer - (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work Golgi apparatus - answer - receives proteins from the ER, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell or to other parts of the body Isotonic - answer - a solution with the same concentration of solutions as inside the cell, IV to maintain hydration DNA - answer - one sugar, one phosphate group, four types of nitrogen bases Transcription - answer - (writing) DNA segment unwinds, RNA assembles complementary nucleotides, nucleotides attach to form mRNA, mRNA separates and moves out of nucleus RNA - answer - single strand, ribose, uracil instead of thymine Translation - answer - (reading) mRNA attaches to a ribosome, begins being "translated" into protein
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