Skin Exam Study Guide Pivot Point - Current Edition Solutions

Skin Exam Study Guide Pivot Point - Current Edition Solutions 5 Functions of the Skin - answer - Sensation Heat regulatinon Absorption Protection Excretion Secretion touch receptors: Mechanoreceptors - answer - Merkel Cells: pressure and vibration Meissner's corpuscles Responsible for: sensations of pressure, vibrations, movement, and texture Merkel Cells - answer - sensing pressure and vibrations Meissners corpuscles - answer - sensing light touch and texture touch receptors: Thermoreceptors - answer - Responsible for: Sensing hot and cold Located in the dermis, liver, and hypothalamus and muscles Pain Receptors: Nociceptors - answer - Responsible: Sensing pain Locatedin skin, muscles, bone, and blood vessels, and some organs over 3million throughout the body Proprioceptors - answer - Responsible for: Sensing different parts of the body positioned in relationto each other and the environment. Located in tendons, muscles, and joints Over 3 million throughout the body Ruffini and Pacinian Corpuscles - answer - sensing skin stretching, vibration, and limb movement. Krause End Bulb - answer - cold receptors Nerve Endings - answer - Warm and cold receptors located in the dermis, liver, hypothalamus and muscles Vasodilation - answer - when the body gets warm, blood vessells dilate or widen, to allow heat to evaporate. Vasoconstriction - answer - When the body is cold, blood vessels constrict, or narrow, to keep the heat near essential organs Transcellular diffusion - answer - Molecules move directly through the corneocytes Factors affecting skin absorption - answer - Condition of Stratum Corneum Hydration Level Oiliness of the skin Size of the products molecules Temperature of the skin Concentration of the substance Occlusion Chemical Actions Permeability Barrier - answer - Protects the body from excessive water loss and entry of outside substances Acid Mantle - answer - DESCRIPTION: essential for proper immune response and skin strength; helps protect from UV radiation, maintains healthy microflora; provides lubrication FUNCTION: Acidic state prevents harm Stratum Corneum - answer - DESCRIPTION: cells no longer alive; have no nucleus or organelless; approximately 15-20 cell layers thick; generate nmf essential for pH balance in the acid mantle; mediates biochemical interactions between cells FUNCTIONS: Enzymes break down proteins that connect keratin and filaggrin (protein that bindsd to keratin) provides protection and impacts how the skin looks Adds structural strength Lamellar bodies secrete lipids that create NMF (intercellular cement) Keratinization - answer - new cells form in the stratum basale layer and push older cells toward the surfaceas cells get pushed upward, they become flat, hard, and eventually die in the process forming a dead layer at the skins surface Wound Healing Process - answer - hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, maturation (remodeling) Hemostatis - answer - Day 1 immediate injury- For a wound that penetrates the circulatory system, blood clotting factors are immediately achieved to slow blood loss. A superficial wound has no blood involvement. This means healing starts with inflammation instead of hemostasis. Inflammation - answer - Day 1-Hours after injury- Inflammation cascade begins, and erythema and edema may be present. Pain from inflammation is a possibility Proliferation - answer - Day 2 to 3 weeks- Epithelialization (cell renewal) begins, collagen synthesis and extracellular matrix reorganization happen. Skin Maturation (remodeling) - answer - 3rd week to 1 year- Collagen modeling continues, wound contracts, becomes stronger, and discoloration may happen. primary immune cells in epidermis - answer - Melanocytes and Langerhan cells melanocytes - answer - -responsible for color of skin, hair, and eyes -Melanosomes are the packets of color that are distributed to keratinocytes -Tyrosinase is the enzyme that triggers the production of melanosomes -MSH (melanin stimulat