~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
40 exam 10/27/2026,
210/27/2026,4:26:47
3:41:20AM10/27/2026,
AM~~~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
exam 2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2ZOIZHxh-2Page
4:25:30 AMbio240 exam 210/27/2026,
exam 2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2ZOIZHxh-2Page
3:41:20 AM~~~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
1 of 17bio240 examexam
2.pdf10/27/2026,
2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*
13:41:39
of 17bio240
AM exam 2
bio240 exam 2
Satellite cells play a role in _________ and are called _________ - CORRECT
ANSWER-muscle repair, adult muscle progenitor cells
Muscle hypertrophy involves - CORRECT ANSWER-the enlargement of existing
cells
what is hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER-involves the formation of new cells
through mitosis, but it is unlikely / an irregular process
Satellite cells mainly contribute to - CORRECT ANSWER-muscle repair by
helping regenerate damaged muscle cells.
skeletal muscle is made up of - CORRECT ANSWER-muscle fascicles
The epimysium is - CORRECT ANSWER-the outer connective tissue membrane
that holds muscle bundles (fascicles) together.
Fascicles are - CORRECT ANSWER-clumps of muscle tissue made of bundles
of muscle cells (muscle fibers).
Perimysium is - CORRECT ANSWER-the membrane around fascicles
endomysium - CORRECT ANSWER-connective tissue that holds muscle fibers
in place.
Sarcolemma is - CORRECT ANSWER-the plasma membrane of a muscle cell
(muscle fiber).
muscle fibers are also called - CORRECT ANSWER-muscle cells and myocytes
describe what a muscle cell looks like - CORRECT ANSWER-cylindrical with
nuclei on the periphery, made up of myofibrils that make muscle look striated
muscle fibers are made up of - CORRECT ANSWER-myofibrils
~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
40 exam 10/27/2026,
210/27/2026,4:25:30
3:41:20AMbio240
AM~~~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
exam exam
2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2ZOIZHxh-2Page
210/27/2026, 3:41:20 AM~~~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
exam 2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2ZOIZHxh-2Page
exam12@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2Z
of 17bio240 exam 2.pdf10/27/2026, 13:41:39
of 17bio240
AM exam 2
,~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
40 exam 10/27/2026,
210/27/2026,4:26:47
3:41:20AM10/27/2026,
AM~~~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
exam 2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2ZOIZHxh-2Page
4:25:30 AMbio240 exam 210/27/2026,
exam 2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2ZOIZHxh-2Page
3:41:20 AM~~~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
2 of 17bio240 examexam
2.pdf10/27/2026,
2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*
23:41:39
of 17bio240
AM exam 2
what makes skeletal muscles striated? - CORRECT ANSWER-myofilaments
(thick filaments and thin filaments)
thick filaments are made of - CORRECT ANSWER-myosin, and is darker
thin filaments are made of - CORRECT ANSWER-3 proteins - actin, troponin,
tropomyosin
myofibrils are made of - CORRECT ANSWER-bundles of proteins (actin and
myosin)
Sarcomeres are - CORRECT ANSWER-the smallest subunits of muscles & are
the region between two Z discs, sarcomeres repeat one after the other and are
found along the length of a myofibril. aka the functional unit of a skeletal muscle
fiber
Sarcoplasmic reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER-smooth endoplasmic reticulum,
surrounds myofibrils, storing calcium and participating in muscle contraction and
is a site of lipid metabolism; wraps around the whole fiber/sarcomere + stores Ca
(so it is able to release calcium everywhere
outside of the cell, there is ______x more ____ - CORRECT ANSWER-2500x
more calcium
cytoplasm of muscle cells is - CORRECT ANSWER-the sarcoplasm, found in the
sarcolemma
The A band is - CORRECT ANSWER-the length of myosin filaments, forms a
dark band that does not move during contraction
The I band is - CORRECT ANSWER-the space between A band and myosin
filaments; band is divided by the Z line/disc
Z disc or Z line - CORRECT ANSWER-3D circular layer of connective tissue
where actin filaments are attached and where they protrude from
~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
40 exam 10/27/2026,
210/27/2026,4:25:30
3:41:20AMbio240
AM~~~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
exam exam
2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2ZOIZHxh-2Page
210/27/2026, 3:41:20 AM~~~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
exam 2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2ZOIZHxh-2Page
exam22@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2Z
of 17bio240 exam 2.pdf10/27/2026, 23:41:39
of 17bio240
AM exam 2
,~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
40 exam 10/27/2026,
210/27/2026,4:26:47
3:41:20AM10/27/2026,
AM~~~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
exam 2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2ZOIZHxh-2Page
4:25:30 AMbio240 exam 210/27/2026,
exam 2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2ZOIZHxh-2Page
3:41:20 AM~~~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
3 of 17bio240 examexam
2.pdf10/27/2026,
2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*
33:41:39
of 17bio240
AM exam 2
describe the M line - CORRECT ANSWER-middle line (center of the sarcomere)
that does not move during contraction, dark line at the center of H zone & myosin
molecules have their tails attached to the center (creating the line) and myosin
heads are angled outwards arranged in an antiparallel direction
describe the H zone - CORRECT ANSWER-area between the M line and Z disc
where the filaments don't overlap → this zone only contains myosin, reduces in
size during muscle contraction
describe which zones/bands/discs shorten during muscle contraction -
CORRECT ANSWER-H zone gets shorter, but not A band. I band shortens.
myosin doesn't shorten !!!!
what happens when a sarcomere shortens? - CORRECT ANSWER-muscle
contraction occurs, shortening happens with the movement of thin filaments in I
band and the Z discs move closer together (moves inward)
how do you extend a muscle if muscles can only pull? - CORRECT
ANSWER-using gravity or relaxing the muscle and contracting another group of
muscles
can muscles extend? explain why - CORRECT ANSWER-muscles can contract,
not extend. to extend arm, you can stop the action of actin and myosin + gravity
helps or other muscles (like triceps pulling the arm away to extend bicep)
**draw a pic of z disk fiber thing (myofibril) - CORRECT ANSWER-(insert pic)
when you put a bunch of G actin filaments together, you make - CORRECT
ANSWER-F actin filaments
binding site for myosin are - CORRECT ANSWER-specific parts of g actin
rigor mortis - CORRECT ANSWER-muscle stiffens when u die
If ATP is available, then myosin heads can - CORRECT ANSWER-detach from
actin and recall back in their original position, and then the system can happen
again
~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
40 exam 10/27/2026,
210/27/2026,4:25:30
3:41:20AMbio240
AM~~~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
exam exam
2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2ZOIZHxh-2Page
210/27/2026, 3:41:20 AM~~~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
exam 2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2ZOIZHxh-2Page
exam32@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2Z
of 17bio240 exam 2.pdf10/27/2026, 33:41:39
of 17bio240
AM exam 2
40 exam 10/27/2026,
210/27/2026,4:26:47
3:41:20AM10/27/2026,
AM~~~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
exam 2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2ZOIZHxh-2Page
4:25:30 AMbio240 exam 210/27/2026,
exam 2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2ZOIZHxh-2Page
3:41:20 AM~~~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
1 of 17bio240 examexam
2.pdf10/27/2026,
2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*
13:41:39
of 17bio240
AM exam 2
bio240 exam 2
Satellite cells play a role in _________ and are called _________ - CORRECT
ANSWER-muscle repair, adult muscle progenitor cells
Muscle hypertrophy involves - CORRECT ANSWER-the enlargement of existing
cells
what is hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER-involves the formation of new cells
through mitosis, but it is unlikely / an irregular process
Satellite cells mainly contribute to - CORRECT ANSWER-muscle repair by
helping regenerate damaged muscle cells.
skeletal muscle is made up of - CORRECT ANSWER-muscle fascicles
The epimysium is - CORRECT ANSWER-the outer connective tissue membrane
that holds muscle bundles (fascicles) together.
Fascicles are - CORRECT ANSWER-clumps of muscle tissue made of bundles
of muscle cells (muscle fibers).
Perimysium is - CORRECT ANSWER-the membrane around fascicles
endomysium - CORRECT ANSWER-connective tissue that holds muscle fibers
in place.
Sarcolemma is - CORRECT ANSWER-the plasma membrane of a muscle cell
(muscle fiber).
muscle fibers are also called - CORRECT ANSWER-muscle cells and myocytes
describe what a muscle cell looks like - CORRECT ANSWER-cylindrical with
nuclei on the periphery, made up of myofibrils that make muscle look striated
muscle fibers are made up of - CORRECT ANSWER-myofibrils
~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
40 exam 10/27/2026,
210/27/2026,4:25:30
3:41:20AMbio240
AM~~~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
exam exam
2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2ZOIZHxh-2Page
210/27/2026, 3:41:20 AM~~~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
exam 2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2ZOIZHxh-2Page
exam12@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2Z
of 17bio240 exam 2.pdf10/27/2026, 13:41:39
of 17bio240
AM exam 2
,~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
40 exam 10/27/2026,
210/27/2026,4:26:47
3:41:20AM10/27/2026,
AM~~~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
exam 2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2ZOIZHxh-2Page
4:25:30 AMbio240 exam 210/27/2026,
exam 2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2ZOIZHxh-2Page
3:41:20 AM~~~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
2 of 17bio240 examexam
2.pdf10/27/2026,
2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*
23:41:39
of 17bio240
AM exam 2
what makes skeletal muscles striated? - CORRECT ANSWER-myofilaments
(thick filaments and thin filaments)
thick filaments are made of - CORRECT ANSWER-myosin, and is darker
thin filaments are made of - CORRECT ANSWER-3 proteins - actin, troponin,
tropomyosin
myofibrils are made of - CORRECT ANSWER-bundles of proteins (actin and
myosin)
Sarcomeres are - CORRECT ANSWER-the smallest subunits of muscles & are
the region between two Z discs, sarcomeres repeat one after the other and are
found along the length of a myofibril. aka the functional unit of a skeletal muscle
fiber
Sarcoplasmic reticulum - CORRECT ANSWER-smooth endoplasmic reticulum,
surrounds myofibrils, storing calcium and participating in muscle contraction and
is a site of lipid metabolism; wraps around the whole fiber/sarcomere + stores Ca
(so it is able to release calcium everywhere
outside of the cell, there is ______x more ____ - CORRECT ANSWER-2500x
more calcium
cytoplasm of muscle cells is - CORRECT ANSWER-the sarcoplasm, found in the
sarcolemma
The A band is - CORRECT ANSWER-the length of myosin filaments, forms a
dark band that does not move during contraction
The I band is - CORRECT ANSWER-the space between A band and myosin
filaments; band is divided by the Z line/disc
Z disc or Z line - CORRECT ANSWER-3D circular layer of connective tissue
where actin filaments are attached and where they protrude from
~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
40 exam 10/27/2026,
210/27/2026,4:25:30
3:41:20AMbio240
AM~~~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
exam exam
2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2ZOIZHxh-2Page
210/27/2026, 3:41:20 AM~~~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
exam 2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2ZOIZHxh-2Page
exam22@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2Z
of 17bio240 exam 2.pdf10/27/2026, 23:41:39
of 17bio240
AM exam 2
,~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
40 exam 10/27/2026,
210/27/2026,4:26:47
3:41:20AM10/27/2026,
AM~~~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
exam 2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2ZOIZHxh-2Page
4:25:30 AMbio240 exam 210/27/2026,
exam 2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2ZOIZHxh-2Page
3:41:20 AM~~~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
3 of 17bio240 examexam
2.pdf10/27/2026,
2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*
33:41:39
of 17bio240
AM exam 2
describe the M line - CORRECT ANSWER-middle line (center of the sarcomere)
that does not move during contraction, dark line at the center of H zone & myosin
molecules have their tails attached to the center (creating the line) and myosin
heads are angled outwards arranged in an antiparallel direction
describe the H zone - CORRECT ANSWER-area between the M line and Z disc
where the filaments don't overlap → this zone only contains myosin, reduces in
size during muscle contraction
describe which zones/bands/discs shorten during muscle contraction -
CORRECT ANSWER-H zone gets shorter, but not A band. I band shortens.
myosin doesn't shorten !!!!
what happens when a sarcomere shortens? - CORRECT ANSWER-muscle
contraction occurs, shortening happens with the movement of thin filaments in I
band and the Z discs move closer together (moves inward)
how do you extend a muscle if muscles can only pull? - CORRECT
ANSWER-using gravity or relaxing the muscle and contracting another group of
muscles
can muscles extend? explain why - CORRECT ANSWER-muscles can contract,
not extend. to extend arm, you can stop the action of actin and myosin + gravity
helps or other muscles (like triceps pulling the arm away to extend bicep)
**draw a pic of z disk fiber thing (myofibril) - CORRECT ANSWER-(insert pic)
when you put a bunch of G actin filaments together, you make - CORRECT
ANSWER-F actin filaments
binding site for myosin are - CORRECT ANSWER-specific parts of g actin
rigor mortis - CORRECT ANSWER-muscle stiffens when u die
If ATP is available, then myosin heads can - CORRECT ANSWER-detach from
actin and recall back in their original position, and then the system can happen
again
~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
40 exam 10/27/2026,
210/27/2026,4:25:30
3:41:20AMbio240
AM~~~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
exam exam
2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2ZOIZHxh-2Page
210/27/2026, 3:41:20 AM~~~~~~())))))))))))))(@)(*@U*(bio240
exam 2@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2ZOIZHxh-2Page
exam32@#&&*#&()&(*&)*$*)($*)*@($*(*@)$(*@$(&(*$$(&*$($2Z
of 17bio240 exam 2.pdf10/27/2026, 33:41:39
of 17bio240
AM exam 2
