NSG 3280 Pathophysiology Exam 1 | High-Yield Questions & Verified
Answers with Rationales | Galen College of Nursing | PDF Download
1. An occupational health nurse working with police officers wishes to apply Selye's general
adaptation syndrome theory in practice. Which concept should the nurse apply?
A. The alarm stage involves the release of cortisol catecholamines
B. The nature of a stress response is determined by the objective severity of the
stressort
C. Systemic illnesses can sometimes result from the resistance stage of stress
response
D. Periods of stress are developmentally negative for the person experiencing them
Correct Answer: A, The alarm stage involves the release of cortisol catecholamines
2. A 45-year-old woman with a diagnosis of shingles is experiencing an acute onset of
severe neuropathic pain. Which stage of Selye's characterization of stress response is
the woman most likely experiencing at the moment?
A. General Exhaustion Syndrome (GAS)
B. Exhaustion
C. Alarm
D. Persistence
Correct Answer: D, Resistance
3. A client who has been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes has been instructed to maintain
“tight” control of their diabetes to prevent which chronic complication(s)? Select all that
apply.
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Nephropathy
C. Retinopathy
D. Peripheral vascular disease
E. Somatic neuropathy
Correct Answer: B, C, D
4. The nurse is planning education on the importance of wearing a helmet when riding a
bike. What level of prevention is the nurse describing?
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Quaternary
Correct Answer: A, Primary
5. A 60 year-old man has long managed his type 1 diabetes effectively with a combination of
vigilant blood sugar monitoring, subcutaneous insulin administration, and conscientious eating
habits. This morning, however, his wife has noted that he appears pale and clammy and
,Patho I (E) Exam#1 Practice Q
appears to be in a stupor, though he is responsive. She suspects that he has made an error in
his insulin administration and that he is experiencing a hypoglycemic episode. Which action
should be the wife's first choice?
A. Administration of 15 to 20 g of glucose in a concentrated carbohydrate source.
B. Administration of subcutaneous glucagon.
C. IV infusion of 50% dextrose and water solution.
D. Careful monitoring for level of consciousness and resolution of hypoglycemia.
Correct Answer: A Administration of 15 to 20 g of glucose in a concentrated
carbohydrate source.
6. The formation of glucose or glycogen from protein or fat compounds is referred to as
A. glycolysis
B. glucagon
C. gluconeogenesis
D. Glycogenolysis
Correct Answer: C gluconeogenesis
7. Which statement best describes an aspect of the normal process of glucose metabolism?
A. Blood glucose levels are primarily a result of the timing, quantity, and character of food
intake.
B. Ingested glucose that is not needed for cellular metabolism circulates in the blood until it
is taken up to meet cellular needs.
C. Blood glucose levels are kept in a steady state by selective excretion and reuptake by
the kidneys.
D. Glucose that exceeds metabolic needs is converted and stored by the liver.
Correct Answer: B. Ingested glucose that is not needed for cellular metabolism
circulates in the blood until it is taken up to meet cellular needs.
8. If a client with type 1 diabetes presented in an unconscious state, how would the nurse know
that the client was experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis?
A. Pale moist skin
B. Thirst and poor skin turgor
C. Deep rapid respirations and fruity breath odor
D. Tremors and strong rapid pulse
Correct Answer: C Deep rapid respirations and fruity breath odor
9. A multidisciplinary healthcare team operates a program aimed at the prevention,
identification, and treatment of diabetes on a large Indian reservation. Which aspect of the
program would most likely be classified as secondary prevention?
, Patho I (E) Exam#1 Practice Q
A. Regularly scheduled wound dressing changes for clients who have foot ulcers secondary
to peripheral neuropathy and impaired wound healing.
B. Teaching school children how a nutritious, traditional diet can lessen their chances of
developing adult-onset diabetes.
C. Staffing a booth where community residents who are attending a baseball tournament
can have their blood glucose levels checked.
D. Administering oral antihyperglycemic medications to clients who have a diagnosis of
diabetes.
Correct Answer: C Staffing a booth where community residents who are attending a
baseball tournament can have their blood glucose levels checked.
10. A 77-year-old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of his chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is assessing the client for the first
time. Which aspect of the client's current state of health would be best characterized as a
symptom rather than a sign?
A. The client's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oximetry
B. The client notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine
C. The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the client's lower lung fields bilaterally
D. The client's respiratory rate is 31 breaths per minute
Correct Answer: B The client notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine
11. Which term indicates increased cell size caused by an increase in functional demand?
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Dysplasia
Correct Answer: B Hypertrophy
12. Which laboratory value would the nurse expect to find in an individual with type 1 diabetes?
A. An elevated blood glucose level
B. An elevated insulin level
C. An elevated white blood cell count
D. An elevated hemoglobin level
Correct Answer: A An elevated blood glucose level
13. As part of a community class, student nurses are developing curriculum to teach expectant
parents the importance of having their child properly secured in a child safety seat. During the
class, the students are going to have a safety officer examine the car seats that the parents
have installed in their vehicle. This is an example of which type of prevention?
A. Primary prevention
Answers with Rationales | Galen College of Nursing | PDF Download
1. An occupational health nurse working with police officers wishes to apply Selye's general
adaptation syndrome theory in practice. Which concept should the nurse apply?
A. The alarm stage involves the release of cortisol catecholamines
B. The nature of a stress response is determined by the objective severity of the
stressort
C. Systemic illnesses can sometimes result from the resistance stage of stress
response
D. Periods of stress are developmentally negative for the person experiencing them
Correct Answer: A, The alarm stage involves the release of cortisol catecholamines
2. A 45-year-old woman with a diagnosis of shingles is experiencing an acute onset of
severe neuropathic pain. Which stage of Selye's characterization of stress response is
the woman most likely experiencing at the moment?
A. General Exhaustion Syndrome (GAS)
B. Exhaustion
C. Alarm
D. Persistence
Correct Answer: D, Resistance
3. A client who has been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes has been instructed to maintain
“tight” control of their diabetes to prevent which chronic complication(s)? Select all that
apply.
A. Hypoglycemia
B. Nephropathy
C. Retinopathy
D. Peripheral vascular disease
E. Somatic neuropathy
Correct Answer: B, C, D
4. The nurse is planning education on the importance of wearing a helmet when riding a
bike. What level of prevention is the nurse describing?
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Tertiary
D. Quaternary
Correct Answer: A, Primary
5. A 60 year-old man has long managed his type 1 diabetes effectively with a combination of
vigilant blood sugar monitoring, subcutaneous insulin administration, and conscientious eating
habits. This morning, however, his wife has noted that he appears pale and clammy and
,Patho I (E) Exam#1 Practice Q
appears to be in a stupor, though he is responsive. She suspects that he has made an error in
his insulin administration and that he is experiencing a hypoglycemic episode. Which action
should be the wife's first choice?
A. Administration of 15 to 20 g of glucose in a concentrated carbohydrate source.
B. Administration of subcutaneous glucagon.
C. IV infusion of 50% dextrose and water solution.
D. Careful monitoring for level of consciousness and resolution of hypoglycemia.
Correct Answer: A Administration of 15 to 20 g of glucose in a concentrated
carbohydrate source.
6. The formation of glucose or glycogen from protein or fat compounds is referred to as
A. glycolysis
B. glucagon
C. gluconeogenesis
D. Glycogenolysis
Correct Answer: C gluconeogenesis
7. Which statement best describes an aspect of the normal process of glucose metabolism?
A. Blood glucose levels are primarily a result of the timing, quantity, and character of food
intake.
B. Ingested glucose that is not needed for cellular metabolism circulates in the blood until it
is taken up to meet cellular needs.
C. Blood glucose levels are kept in a steady state by selective excretion and reuptake by
the kidneys.
D. Glucose that exceeds metabolic needs is converted and stored by the liver.
Correct Answer: B. Ingested glucose that is not needed for cellular metabolism
circulates in the blood until it is taken up to meet cellular needs.
8. If a client with type 1 diabetes presented in an unconscious state, how would the nurse know
that the client was experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis?
A. Pale moist skin
B. Thirst and poor skin turgor
C. Deep rapid respirations and fruity breath odor
D. Tremors and strong rapid pulse
Correct Answer: C Deep rapid respirations and fruity breath odor
9. A multidisciplinary healthcare team operates a program aimed at the prevention,
identification, and treatment of diabetes on a large Indian reservation. Which aspect of the
program would most likely be classified as secondary prevention?
, Patho I (E) Exam#1 Practice Q
A. Regularly scheduled wound dressing changes for clients who have foot ulcers secondary
to peripheral neuropathy and impaired wound healing.
B. Teaching school children how a nutritious, traditional diet can lessen their chances of
developing adult-onset diabetes.
C. Staffing a booth where community residents who are attending a baseball tournament
can have their blood glucose levels checked.
D. Administering oral antihyperglycemic medications to clients who have a diagnosis of
diabetes.
Correct Answer: C Staffing a booth where community residents who are attending a
baseball tournament can have their blood glucose levels checked.
10. A 77-year-old man is a hospital inpatient admitted for exacerbation of his chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD), and a respiratory therapist (RT) is assessing the client for the first
time. Which aspect of the client's current state of health would be best characterized as a
symptom rather than a sign?
A. The client's oxygen saturation is 83% by pulse oximetry
B. The client notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine
C. The RT hears diminished breath sounds to the client's lower lung fields bilaterally
D. The client's respiratory rate is 31 breaths per minute
Correct Answer: B The client notes that he has increased work of breathing when lying supine
11. Which term indicates increased cell size caused by an increase in functional demand?
A. Atrophy
B. Hypertrophy
C. Hyperplasia
D. Dysplasia
Correct Answer: B Hypertrophy
12. Which laboratory value would the nurse expect to find in an individual with type 1 diabetes?
A. An elevated blood glucose level
B. An elevated insulin level
C. An elevated white blood cell count
D. An elevated hemoglobin level
Correct Answer: A An elevated blood glucose level
13. As part of a community class, student nurses are developing curriculum to teach expectant
parents the importance of having their child properly secured in a child safety seat. During the
class, the students are going to have a safety officer examine the car seats that the parents
have installed in their vehicle. This is an example of which type of prevention?
A. Primary prevention
