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Summary Attic Greek: Tense and Aspect + Indirect Discourse

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Attic Greek Grammar
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Notes based on unit 20 of Mastronarde's Introduction to Attic Greek. Colourful notes in a fun font that are perfect for boosting your grades and your understanding of the grammar!

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Tense and Aspect

Time = temporal distinction (when action takes/took place)
Aspect = completion vs. noncompletion, general vs. specific completion
Eg. seek - find
go - arrive
be - become
Each of these are general states of action - one specific + complete action

General state = present stem (I am doing X)
Specific state = aorist stem (I did X)

Present Stem Aspect

Action not yet completed, is in progress, repeated, customary, or a general
truth
• Imperfect = continuous past tense (I was doing X)
• Infinitive = continuous/customary, eg. ‘to be a slave (in general) is
difficult’
• Imperative = action is attempted, repeated etc. eg ‘always worship
the gods’

The present stem is often conative - I tried/am trying to do X

Aorist Stem Aspect

Action that is instantaneous + completed, refers to a simple and unique
occurrence in the past eg. historical fact
• Infinitive = self-complete, unique etc. eg ‘The Athenians resolved to
praise Demosthenes (on one occasion)’
• Imperative = specific, instantaneous etc. eg ‘stone the murderer
(now)’
Connected book
image
Mastronarde, Donald J., Donald J. Mastronarde Introduction to Attic Greek
Publisher: Unknown ISBN: 9780520275713 Edition: 2

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University of Oxford
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Unit 20: tense and aspect + indorect discourse
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Subjects

  • attic
  • greek
  • ancient greek
  • classics
  • grammar
  • tense
  • indirect discourse
  • indirect speech
  • aspect

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