BSC 2085
Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams
Includes Frequently Tested Questions With Elaborated 100%
Correct Complete Solutions
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
1. How much mass do bone cells account for? - CORRECT ANSWER only 2% of
bone mass
2. Four types of bone cells - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Osteocytes
2.Osteoblasts
3.Osteoprogenitor cells
4.Osteoclasts
3. Two major functions of osteocytes - CORRECT ANSWER 1.To maintain
protein and mineral content of matrix
2.To help repair damaged bone
4. Characteristics of osteocytes - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Mature bone cells that
maintain the bone matrix
2.Live in lacunae between layers (lamellae) of matrix
3.Connect by cytoplasmic extensions through canaliculi in lamellae
4.Do not divide
,5. What is the osteoid and which cell produces it? - CORRECT ANSWER matrix
produced by osteoblasts, but not yet calcified by calcium salts to form bone
6. What are osteoblasts? - CORRECT ANSWER Immature bone cells that
secrete matrix compounds (osteogenesis)
7. When osteoblasts become surrounded by bone, what happens? - CORRECT
ANSWER they become osteocytes
8. What are osteoprogenitor (osteogenic) cells and where are they located? -
CORRECT ANSWER 1.Mesenchymal stem cells that divide to produce
osteoblasts
2.Located in:
*Endosteum - lines the medullary cavity and passageway for blood vessels
found in the matrix of compact bone*
*The inner cellular layer of periosteum*
9. Function of osteoprogenitor cells - CORRECT ANSWER important in fracture
repair
10.Characteristics of osteoclasts - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Giant, multinucleate (50
or more nuclei) cells
2.Derived from stem cells that produce macrophages
*Do not develop from osteoprogenitor cells*
11.Functions of osteoclasts - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Secrete acids and protein-
digesting enzymes
*Dissolve bone matrix and release stored minerals (osteolysis/resorption)*
, *Important in regulating calcium and phosphate concentrations in body
fluids*
12.Homeostasis in bone - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Bone building (by osteoblasts)
and bone recycling (by osteoclasts) must balance
*More breakdown than building, bones become weak*
*Exercise, particularly weight-bearing exercise, causes osteoblasts to build
bone faster than osteoclasts can break down bone*
13.What is an osteon? - CORRECT ANSWER the basic unit of mature compact
bone
14.How are osteocytes arranged in osteon - CORRECT ANSWER arranged in
concentric lamellae around a central canal containing blood vessels
15.Properties of perforating canals - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Perpendicular to the
central canal
2.Carry blood vessels into bone and marrow
16.What is circumferential lamellae? - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Lamellae wrapped
around the long bone, encircling multiple osteons
2.Binds osteons together
17.The structure of spongy bone - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Does not have osteons
2.The matrix forms an open network of trabeculae - bone fiber bundles
3.Trabeculae have no blood vessels, canaliculi open onto surface of
trabeculae
4.The space between trabeculae is filled with red bone marrow
, 18.Functions of red bone marrow - CORRECT ANSWER 1. has blood vessels
2.And supplies nutrients to osteocytes
3.Forms red blood cells
19.Where is yellow bone marrow found? - CORRECT ANSWER found in
medullary cavity and in spongy bone of some bones
20.Why is yellow bone marrow yellow? - CORRECT ANSWER because it stores
fat
21.Properties of periosteum - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Covers all bones except
parts enclosed in joint capsules
2.Made up of an outer, fibrous layer and an inner, cellular layer
3.Perforating (Sharpey's) fibers: collagen fibers of the periosteum
22.Functions of perforating (sharpey's) fibers - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Connect
with collagen fibers in bone and with fibers of joint capsules; attach
tendons, and ligaments
2. Strengthens tendon and ligament attachment to bone
23.Functions of periosteum - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Isolates bone from
surrounding tissues
2.Provides a route for circulatory and nervous supply
3.Participates in bone growth and repair
24.Properties of endosteum - CORRECT ANSWER An incomplete cellular layer:
Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace 2026-2027 Exams
Includes Frequently Tested Questions With Elaborated 100%
Correct Complete Solutions
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!! Current Update!!
1. How much mass do bone cells account for? - CORRECT ANSWER only 2% of
bone mass
2. Four types of bone cells - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Osteocytes
2.Osteoblasts
3.Osteoprogenitor cells
4.Osteoclasts
3. Two major functions of osteocytes - CORRECT ANSWER 1.To maintain
protein and mineral content of matrix
2.To help repair damaged bone
4. Characteristics of osteocytes - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Mature bone cells that
maintain the bone matrix
2.Live in lacunae between layers (lamellae) of matrix
3.Connect by cytoplasmic extensions through canaliculi in lamellae
4.Do not divide
,5. What is the osteoid and which cell produces it? - CORRECT ANSWER matrix
produced by osteoblasts, but not yet calcified by calcium salts to form bone
6. What are osteoblasts? - CORRECT ANSWER Immature bone cells that
secrete matrix compounds (osteogenesis)
7. When osteoblasts become surrounded by bone, what happens? - CORRECT
ANSWER they become osteocytes
8. What are osteoprogenitor (osteogenic) cells and where are they located? -
CORRECT ANSWER 1.Mesenchymal stem cells that divide to produce
osteoblasts
2.Located in:
*Endosteum - lines the medullary cavity and passageway for blood vessels
found in the matrix of compact bone*
*The inner cellular layer of periosteum*
9. Function of osteoprogenitor cells - CORRECT ANSWER important in fracture
repair
10.Characteristics of osteoclasts - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Giant, multinucleate (50
or more nuclei) cells
2.Derived from stem cells that produce macrophages
*Do not develop from osteoprogenitor cells*
11.Functions of osteoclasts - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Secrete acids and protein-
digesting enzymes
*Dissolve bone matrix and release stored minerals (osteolysis/resorption)*
, *Important in regulating calcium and phosphate concentrations in body
fluids*
12.Homeostasis in bone - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Bone building (by osteoblasts)
and bone recycling (by osteoclasts) must balance
*More breakdown than building, bones become weak*
*Exercise, particularly weight-bearing exercise, causes osteoblasts to build
bone faster than osteoclasts can break down bone*
13.What is an osteon? - CORRECT ANSWER the basic unit of mature compact
bone
14.How are osteocytes arranged in osteon - CORRECT ANSWER arranged in
concentric lamellae around a central canal containing blood vessels
15.Properties of perforating canals - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Perpendicular to the
central canal
2.Carry blood vessels into bone and marrow
16.What is circumferential lamellae? - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Lamellae wrapped
around the long bone, encircling multiple osteons
2.Binds osteons together
17.The structure of spongy bone - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Does not have osteons
2.The matrix forms an open network of trabeculae - bone fiber bundles
3.Trabeculae have no blood vessels, canaliculi open onto surface of
trabeculae
4.The space between trabeculae is filled with red bone marrow
, 18.Functions of red bone marrow - CORRECT ANSWER 1. has blood vessels
2.And supplies nutrients to osteocytes
3.Forms red blood cells
19.Where is yellow bone marrow found? - CORRECT ANSWER found in
medullary cavity and in spongy bone of some bones
20.Why is yellow bone marrow yellow? - CORRECT ANSWER because it stores
fat
21.Properties of periosteum - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Covers all bones except
parts enclosed in joint capsules
2.Made up of an outer, fibrous layer and an inner, cellular layer
3.Perforating (Sharpey's) fibers: collagen fibers of the periosteum
22.Functions of perforating (sharpey's) fibers - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Connect
with collagen fibers in bone and with fibers of joint capsules; attach
tendons, and ligaments
2. Strengthens tendon and ligament attachment to bone
23.Functions of periosteum - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Isolates bone from
surrounding tissues
2.Provides a route for circulatory and nervous supply
3.Participates in bone growth and repair
24.Properties of endosteum - CORRECT ANSWER An incomplete cellular layer:
