TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 6TH EDITION HUETHER CHAPTER 1-42

TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 6TH EDITION HUETHER CHAPTER 1-42. 1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DNA with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student? a. A single circular chromosome b. A nucleus c. Free-floating nuclear material d. No organelles ANS: B The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, so it has histones and a supercoiled DNA within its nucleus; thus, the nucleus should be observed. A single circular chromosome called a prokaryote contains free-floating nuclear material but has no organelles. REF: p. 2 2. A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy? a. Metabolic absorption b. Communication c. Secretion d. Respiration ANS: D The cell’s ability to absorb oxygen is referred to as respiration while its communication ability involves maintenance of a steady dynamic state, metabolic absorption provides nutrition, and secretion allows for the synthesizing of new substances. 3. A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic information be contained? a. Mitochondria b. Ribosome c. Nucleolus d. Nucleus Cytoplasm ANS: C The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is associated with cellular respiration, while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the cell. 4. As a result of a severe head injury, a patient is now experiencing respiratory abnormalities characterized by alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing with periods of apnea. What term should the nurse use when charting this condition? a. Cheyne-Stokes b. Frank-Starling c. Apnea d. Orthopnea ANS: A Cheyne-Stokes respirations are characterized by alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing, with periods of apnea lasting from 15 to 60 seconds. Frank-Starling is related to the stretch of fibers. Apnea is cessation of respirations. Orthopnea is dyspnea that occurs when an individual lies flat. REF: p. 688 5. A patient’s arterial blood gas reveals decreased carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. What is the most likely cause of this situation? a. Hyperventilation b. Hypoventilation c. Apnea d. Cyanosis ANS: A Individuals with hyperventilation blow off CO2 while individuals with hypoventilation retain CO2. Apnea is cessation of breathing. Cyanosis is a blue color to the skin. NURSINGTB.COM REF: p. 688 6. When giving report, what term should the nurse use to describe the coughing up of bloody secretions? a. Hematemesis b. Cyanosis c. Rhinitis d. Hemoptysis ANS: D Hemoptysis is the coughing up of bloody secretions. Hematemesis is bloody vomiting. Cyanosis is a bluish color to the skin. Rhinitis is a runny nose.