PSYC 3320 Exam 2 Study Guide | Motivation and Arousal
Concepts
1. Discuss how sleep deprivation might influence the psychological state of a
person with depression.
Sleep deprivation leads to better emotional regulation.
Sleep deprivation has no impact on psychological states.
Sleep deprivation can worsen mood and increase feelings of
hopelessness in depressed individuals.
Sleep deprivation improves cognitive function and mood.
2. Sleep changes are a common part of the aging process. These changes
include:
Total increased sleep time, averaging 10 hours nightly
Total decreased sleep time, averaging about 6.5 hours nightly
Decreased time to fall asleep
Increased REM sleep
3. The ____ is the structure in the brain stem thought to control overall cortical
arousal
Ascending reticular activating system
Postecentral Sulcus
Parieto-occipital sulcus
Descending reticular activating system
,4. If a student is experiencing high levels of stress and low motivation, how
might Hebb's theory suggest they improve their performance?
By eliminating all social interactions.
By reducing their sleep to increase productivity.
By finding ways to increase their arousal to an optimal level.
By ignoring their stress and focusing solely on tasks.
5. If a person frequently dreams about a stressful work situation, which principle
is likely at play, and how might it affect their waking life?
Both principles indicate that the dream has no impact on their waking
life.
The repetition principle is at play, suggesting they are experiencing a
unique dream unrelated to their waking life.
The continuity principle suggests that the dream is a sign of physical
health issues.
The continuity principle is likely at play, as the dream reflects their
waking life stress, which may lead to increased anxiety or stress in
their daily activities.
6. Describe how aging affects the quality of sleep and its potential impact on
health.
Aging improves sleep quality and increases deep sleep stages,
enhancing health.
Aging results in longer sleep duration and deeper sleep, promoting
better health.
Aging has no significant effect on sleep quality or health.
, Aging often leads to lighter sleep and more awakenings, which can
negatively affect overall health and well-being.
7. If a person experiences reduced arousal due to damage to the RAS, how
might this affect their eating behaviors?
They may have decreased motivation to eat or may forget to eat
altogether.
Their eating behaviors will remain unchanged regardless of arousal
levels.
They will likely eat more due to increased anxiety.
They will develop a stronger appetite due to increased energy levels.
8. Describe how REM deprivation can impact an animal's behavior and
physiological state.
REM deprivation enhances cognitive functions and reduces stress.
REM deprivation can lead to increased anxiety and stress responses
in animals.
REM deprivation improves social interactions among animals.
REM deprivation has no significant impact on behavior or physiology.
9. Describe the significance of Lacey's categorization of arousal in
understanding human motivation.
Lacey's categorization is irrelevant to motivation.
Lacey's categorization is limited to emotional responses.
Lacey's categorization only focuses on physiological responses.
Lacey's categorization helps in understanding how different types of
arousal can influence motivation and behavior.
, 10. What does the arousal theory suggest about the relationship between
arousal levels and performance?
Arousal has no effect on performance.
Higher arousal always leads to better performance.
Lower arousal is always detrimental to performance.
There is an optimal level of arousal for peak performance.
11. Severing the vagus would lead to
Reduced digestion
Reduced gut muscle activity
Reduced absorption
Reduced gut sensation
12. In a study examining the effects of sensory specific satiety, researchers
found that participants who were offered a variety of foods ate more than
those who were given a single type of food. What conclusion can be drawn
from this observation?
Participants prefer to eat only one type of food to avoid sensory
overload.
Offering a variety of foods can enhance overall food intake due to
sensory specific satiety.
Sensory specific satiety does not affect the amount of food
consumed.
Eating a single type of food leads to greater satisfaction and less
overall intake.
Concepts
1. Discuss how sleep deprivation might influence the psychological state of a
person with depression.
Sleep deprivation leads to better emotional regulation.
Sleep deprivation has no impact on psychological states.
Sleep deprivation can worsen mood and increase feelings of
hopelessness in depressed individuals.
Sleep deprivation improves cognitive function and mood.
2. Sleep changes are a common part of the aging process. These changes
include:
Total increased sleep time, averaging 10 hours nightly
Total decreased sleep time, averaging about 6.5 hours nightly
Decreased time to fall asleep
Increased REM sleep
3. The ____ is the structure in the brain stem thought to control overall cortical
arousal
Ascending reticular activating system
Postecentral Sulcus
Parieto-occipital sulcus
Descending reticular activating system
,4. If a student is experiencing high levels of stress and low motivation, how
might Hebb's theory suggest they improve their performance?
By eliminating all social interactions.
By reducing their sleep to increase productivity.
By finding ways to increase their arousal to an optimal level.
By ignoring their stress and focusing solely on tasks.
5. If a person frequently dreams about a stressful work situation, which principle
is likely at play, and how might it affect their waking life?
Both principles indicate that the dream has no impact on their waking
life.
The repetition principle is at play, suggesting they are experiencing a
unique dream unrelated to their waking life.
The continuity principle suggests that the dream is a sign of physical
health issues.
The continuity principle is likely at play, as the dream reflects their
waking life stress, which may lead to increased anxiety or stress in
their daily activities.
6. Describe how aging affects the quality of sleep and its potential impact on
health.
Aging improves sleep quality and increases deep sleep stages,
enhancing health.
Aging results in longer sleep duration and deeper sleep, promoting
better health.
Aging has no significant effect on sleep quality or health.
, Aging often leads to lighter sleep and more awakenings, which can
negatively affect overall health and well-being.
7. If a person experiences reduced arousal due to damage to the RAS, how
might this affect their eating behaviors?
They may have decreased motivation to eat or may forget to eat
altogether.
Their eating behaviors will remain unchanged regardless of arousal
levels.
They will likely eat more due to increased anxiety.
They will develop a stronger appetite due to increased energy levels.
8. Describe how REM deprivation can impact an animal's behavior and
physiological state.
REM deprivation enhances cognitive functions and reduces stress.
REM deprivation can lead to increased anxiety and stress responses
in animals.
REM deprivation improves social interactions among animals.
REM deprivation has no significant impact on behavior or physiology.
9. Describe the significance of Lacey's categorization of arousal in
understanding human motivation.
Lacey's categorization is irrelevant to motivation.
Lacey's categorization is limited to emotional responses.
Lacey's categorization only focuses on physiological responses.
Lacey's categorization helps in understanding how different types of
arousal can influence motivation and behavior.
, 10. What does the arousal theory suggest about the relationship between
arousal levels and performance?
Arousal has no effect on performance.
Higher arousal always leads to better performance.
Lower arousal is always detrimental to performance.
There is an optimal level of arousal for peak performance.
11. Severing the vagus would lead to
Reduced digestion
Reduced gut muscle activity
Reduced absorption
Reduced gut sensation
12. In a study examining the effects of sensory specific satiety, researchers
found that participants who were offered a variety of foods ate more than
those who were given a single type of food. What conclusion can be drawn
from this observation?
Participants prefer to eat only one type of food to avoid sensory
overload.
Offering a variety of foods can enhance overall food intake due to
sensory specific satiety.
Sensory specific satiety does not affect the amount of food
consumed.
Eating a single type of food leads to greater satisfaction and less
overall intake.
