COVERAGE AREAS MOST TESTED ON THE PSYC 375 MIDTERM
1. Greek Origins of Psychology: Pre-Socratic Philosophers, Plato, and Aristotle
2. Hellenistic and Roman Influences: Epicureanism, Stoicism, Skepticism, and Galen
3. The Middle Ages and Renaissance: Islamic Scholars, Scholasticism, and Early
Empiricism
4. The Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment: Descartes, British Empiricism, and Kant
5. Nineteenth-Century Physiology and Psychophysics: Helmholtz, Weber, and Fechner
6. The Founding of Scientific Psychology: Wundt, Titchener, and Structuralism
7. Functionalism: James, Darwin's Influence, and the Chicago School
8. Gestalt Psychology: Wertheimer, Köhler, Koffka, and the Laws of Perceptual
Organization
9. Behaviorism: Watson, Pavlov, Skinner, and the Rise of Objective Psychology
10. Psychoanalysis and Its Offshoots: Freud, Jung, Adler, and the Psychodynamic
Tradition
Psyc 375 History of Psychology Midterm- Athabasca
1. Which pre-Socratic philosopher is best known for claiming that all things are in a state
of constant flux and that one cannot step into the same river twice?
, A. Parmenides
B. Heraclitus
C. Thales
D. Pythagoras
Answer: B
Notes:
Heraclitus emphasized change and becoming, arguing that reality is process rather
than fixed substance.
Parmenides: argued for permanence and the illusory nature of change, the opposite of
Heraclitus.
Thales: identified water as the fundamental substance and is often called the first
philosopher.
Pythagoras: emphasized number, harmony, and the immortality of the soul.
2. Which Greek philosopher proposed the doctrine of forms, holding that abstract ideals
are more real than the objects we perceive through our senses?
A. Aristotle
B. Socrates
, C. Plato
D. Epicurus
Answer: C
Notes:
Plato's theory of forms distinguishes the eternal ideal world from the imperfect
sensory world.
Aristotle: rejected separate forms, emphasizing immanent essence within concrete
things.
Socrates: focused on ethics and the method of questioning rather than a formal theory
of forms.
Epicurus: an empiricist and hedonist who denied transcendent forms altogether.
3. Aristotle's concept of the soul is best described as the form or first actuality of a
natural body that has the potential for life.
A. True
B. False
Answer: A
Notes:
, Aristotle viewed the soul as the organizing form of a living body, not a separate
substance.
This contrasts with Plato, who held that the soul is immaterial and separable from the
body.
Aristotle's hylomorphism treats body and soul as matter and form united.
This view influenced later Christian and Islamic scholastic psychology.
4. Which Hellenistic school taught that the goal of life is to live in accordance with nature
and that reason should govern the passions?
A. Epicureanism
B. Skepticism
C. Stoicism
D. Cynicism
Answer: C
Notes:
Stoicism held that virtue and rational control of emotions lead to tranquility.
Epicureanism: pursued pleasure through moderation and freedom from fear.
Skepticism: suspended judgment in pursuit of mental peace.
1. Greek Origins of Psychology: Pre-Socratic Philosophers, Plato, and Aristotle
2. Hellenistic and Roman Influences: Epicureanism, Stoicism, Skepticism, and Galen
3. The Middle Ages and Renaissance: Islamic Scholars, Scholasticism, and Early
Empiricism
4. The Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment: Descartes, British Empiricism, and Kant
5. Nineteenth-Century Physiology and Psychophysics: Helmholtz, Weber, and Fechner
6. The Founding of Scientific Psychology: Wundt, Titchener, and Structuralism
7. Functionalism: James, Darwin's Influence, and the Chicago School
8. Gestalt Psychology: Wertheimer, Köhler, Koffka, and the Laws of Perceptual
Organization
9. Behaviorism: Watson, Pavlov, Skinner, and the Rise of Objective Psychology
10. Psychoanalysis and Its Offshoots: Freud, Jung, Adler, and the Psychodynamic
Tradition
Psyc 375 History of Psychology Midterm- Athabasca
1. Which pre-Socratic philosopher is best known for claiming that all things are in a state
of constant flux and that one cannot step into the same river twice?
, A. Parmenides
B. Heraclitus
C. Thales
D. Pythagoras
Answer: B
Notes:
Heraclitus emphasized change and becoming, arguing that reality is process rather
than fixed substance.
Parmenides: argued for permanence and the illusory nature of change, the opposite of
Heraclitus.
Thales: identified water as the fundamental substance and is often called the first
philosopher.
Pythagoras: emphasized number, harmony, and the immortality of the soul.
2. Which Greek philosopher proposed the doctrine of forms, holding that abstract ideals
are more real than the objects we perceive through our senses?
A. Aristotle
B. Socrates
, C. Plato
D. Epicurus
Answer: C
Notes:
Plato's theory of forms distinguishes the eternal ideal world from the imperfect
sensory world.
Aristotle: rejected separate forms, emphasizing immanent essence within concrete
things.
Socrates: focused on ethics and the method of questioning rather than a formal theory
of forms.
Epicurus: an empiricist and hedonist who denied transcendent forms altogether.
3. Aristotle's concept of the soul is best described as the form or first actuality of a
natural body that has the potential for life.
A. True
B. False
Answer: A
Notes:
, Aristotle viewed the soul as the organizing form of a living body, not a separate
substance.
This contrasts with Plato, who held that the soul is immaterial and separable from the
body.
Aristotle's hylomorphism treats body and soul as matter and form united.
This view influenced later Christian and Islamic scholastic psychology.
4. Which Hellenistic school taught that the goal of life is to live in accordance with nature
and that reason should govern the passions?
A. Epicureanism
B. Skepticism
C. Stoicism
D. Cynicism
Answer: C
Notes:
Stoicism held that virtue and rational control of emotions lead to tranquility.
Epicureanism: pursued pleasure through moderation and freedom from fear.
Skepticism: suspended judgment in pursuit of mental peace.
